稀薄气体/湍流的多尺度非平衡输运机理  

The multiscale nonequilibrium transport mechanism of rarefied gas and turbulence

作　　者：江中正 陈伟芳[1,3] Zhongzheng Jiang;Weifang Chen(School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;Advanced Technology Institute,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;Advanced Aircraft Research Center,Huanjiang Laboratory,Zhuji 311800,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学航空航天学院,杭州310027 [2]浙江大学先进技术研究院,杭州310027 [3]浣江实验室先进飞行器研究中心,诸暨311800

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第4期534-543,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(92471109,92271204,92271114);浣江专项的资助

摘　　要：2024年7月2日,中国科学技术协会在第二十六届中国科协年会主论坛上发布了10个前沿科学问题、10个工程技术难题和10个产业技术问题,其中由中国力学学会推荐的“多尺度非平衡流动的输运机理”成功入选2024年十大前沿科学问题.这个问题聚焦自然界两类经典的气体流动物理现象——“稀薄气体流动”和“湍流”(如真空宇宙的气态星云演化、人类航天器高空再入的燃气喷流等),两者均存在强烈的多尺度效应和非平衡输运特性.这两个特性既有各自流动的特殊性,亦有其共性问题.为了清晰了解这两类流动,本文将介绍其基本特性以及它们的异同点.At the main forum of the 26th Annual Meeting of the China Association for Science and Technology(CAST),theassociation released the“Top Ten Frontier Scientific Questions of 2024”.Among them,the“Transport Mechanism ofMultiscale Nonequilibrium Flows”recommended by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,wassuccessfully selected.This issue focuses on two classical gas flow phenomena—“rarefied gas flow”and“turbulence,”bothof which exhibit distinct multiscale effects and nonequilibrium transport characteristics.Rarefied gas flows primarily occurin high-altitude environments with sparse gas density,where the classical continuum hypothesis gradually fails,leading tothe coexistence of continuous and rarefied multi-domain gas flow features.This phenomenon reflects the multiscaletransport effects ranging from macroscopic waves to microscopic particles.Insufficient molecular collisions in rarefiedgases hinder the flow’s transition from nonequilibrium to equilibrium states,resulting in intense nonequilibrium transportprocesses.Turbulence,in contrast,is composed of vortices of various frequencies,scales,and energies,forming a complexnonlinear nonequilibrium flow system with distinct hierarchical vortex structures and energy cascade transportcharacteristics,which are widely observed in nature and engineering.This paper interprets CAST’s recently proposed frontier scientific question by exploring the fundamental characteristicsof multiscale nonequilibrium transport mechanisms in rarefied gas flows and turbulence,examining relevant researchmethodologies,and analyzing the key challenges and focal issues in each area.The main content of the paper is organizedinto four sections.The first three sections delve into the topics of“Multiscale Nonequilibrium Transport in Rarefied GasFlows”,“Multiscale Nonequilibrium Transport in Turbulence”,and“Cross-Domain Turbulence with MultiscaleNonequilibrium Transport”,respectively,with the final section addressing future challenges and potential re

关 键 词：中国科协 中国力学学会 稀薄气体流动 物理现象 非平衡流动 多尺度效应 输运特性 主论坛 

分 类 号：V411.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]