杀虫剂对向日葵田花蓟马的毒力及防效评价  

Evaluation of Insecticide Virulence and Efficacy Against Frankliniella intonsa in Sunflower

作　　者：啜泽润 陈学亮 渠汇 张文兵 张键[1] 赵君[1] 苏雅杰 张圆 李海平[1] CHUAI Zerun;CHEN Xueliang;QU Hui;ZHANG Wenbing;ZHANG Jian;ZHAO Jun;SU Yajie;ZHANG Yuan;LI Haiping(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;Plant Protection Department,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Hohhot 010020,China;Urad Front Banner Agriculture and Technology Promotion Center,Wulashan Town 014400,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院,呼和浩特010011 [2]内蒙古农牧业科学院植物保护研究所,呼和浩特010020 [3]内蒙古乌拉特前旗农技推广中心,乌拉山镇014400

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期12-16,33,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古农业大学基本科研业务费项目(BR22-13-09);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0096);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14)。

摘　　要：向日葵是内蒙古地区主要的经济作物之一,近年来向日葵籽粒锈斑发生严重,花蓟马(Frankliniella intonsa)是引发向日葵籽粒锈斑的关键因素,目前化学防治是花蓟马的主要防治方法。为明确不同杀虫剂对花蓟马的毒力,筛选高效、低毒的防治药剂,本论文在室内测定了不同杀虫剂对花蓟马2龄若虫和成虫的毒力,并在田间试验主要杀虫剂对向日葵田花蓟马的防效及对向日葵籽粒锈斑的防治效果。结果表明,多杀菌素和乙基多杀菌素对花蓟马若虫和成虫均表现出较好的毒力,多杀菌素的LC_(50)值为0.320 mg·L^(-1)(若虫)和0.397 mg·L^(-1)(成虫),乙基多杀菌素的LC_(50)值为0.300 mg·L^(-1)(若虫)和0.313 mg·L^(-1)(成虫)。向日葵露黄期分别在向日葵和荞麦上喷施乙基多杀菌素、甲维盐和高效氯氟氰菊酯3种药剂,均对花蓟马产生较好的防效,籽粒锈斑率均显著低于对照组,喷施乙基多杀菌素后籽粒锈斑率最低,在荞麦上喷施为25.68%,在向日葵上喷施为17.22%。综上所述,在生产中轮换使用乙基多杀菌素、多杀菌素、甲维盐和阿维菌素等杀虫剂,可以有效防治花蓟马,降低向日葵籽粒锈斑率,提高农民收入。Sunflower is a significant economic crop in Inner Mongolia,where sunflower seedcoat rust has increasingly affected yields in recent years.This disease is primarily caused by Frankliniella intonsa,and chemical control remains the primary strategy for man-aging this pest.The toxicities of eight insecticides to nymphs and adults of F.intonsa were measured in the laboratory,and effects of three insecticides to F.intonsa and sunflower seedcoat rust were applied in sunflower fields in this paper.The results showed that the spinosad and spinetoram exhibited the highest toxicities against F.intonsa nymphs and adults,with LC_(50)values of 0.320 mg·L^(-1)and 0.397 mg·L^(-1)for spinosad,and 0.300 mg·L^(-1)and 0.313 mg·L^(-1)for spinetoram,respectively.Field trials conducted during the sunflower threshold bloom stage demonstrated effective control of F.intonsa with the application of three insecticides.The statistical results revealed that the incidence rate of sunflower seedcoat rust was significantly lower in treated plots compared to controls.The in-cidence rate of sunflower seedcoat rust was the lowest after spraying emamectin benzoate,with a rate of 25.68%in the buckwheat and 17.22%in the sunflower.In summary,the spinetoram,spinosad,emamectin benzoate and avermectin should be rotately used to control F.intonsa in sunflower,and reduce the rate of sunflower seedcoat rust.

关 键 词：花蓟马 向日葵 杀虫剂 毒力 防治效果 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]