砒砂岩区不同类型匀质坡面侵蚀速率与水动力特征关系  

Relationship between Erosion Rate and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Different Types of Homogeneous Slopes in an Pisha Sandstone Area

作　　者：董晓宇 秦富仓 赵龙飞 董菲菲 马慧 胡雪冰 DONG Xiaoyu;QIN Fucang;ZHAO Longfei;DONG Feifei;MA Hui;HU Xuebing(College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Water Conservancy Science Research Institute,Hohhot 010052,China;Jungar Banner Water Conservancy Development Center,Xuejiawan 010399,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特010011 [2]内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院,呼和浩特010010 [3]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,呼和浩特010052 [4]准格尔旗水利事业发展中心,薛家湾010399

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期34-42,共9页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学青年基金项目(2024QN03062);内蒙古农业大学高层次及优秀博士人才引进科研启动项目(NDYB2023-2)。

摘　　要：本文揭示不同类型砒砂岩区原状坡面在径流冲刷条件下的侵蚀速率与水动力学特征,分析水力侵蚀动力对坡面侵蚀过程的影响,为砒砂岩区土壤侵蚀综合治理提供参考依据。以砒砂岩区白色砒砂岩、红色砒砂岩和黄绵土3种不同类型匀质坡面为研究对象,构建径流小区,开展野外原位模拟冲刷试验。结果显示:①砒砂岩区不同类型匀质坡面土壤侵蚀速率大小为白色砂岩坡面>红色砂岩坡面>黄绵土坡面。白色砂岩坡面最易受到水流的侵蚀,侵蚀速率是黄绵土坡面的1.61~1.95倍;红色砂岩坡面次之,是黄绵土的1.10~1.50倍。②冲刷过程中各坡面均处于层流状态,并随时间呈现由急流转为缓流的趋势。各类型坡面流速、雷诺数、水流剪切力和水流功率呈现出白色砂岩坡面>红色砂岩坡面>黄绵土坡面。由阻力特征参数变化可知黄绵土坡面流运动过程中所受阻力最大,白色砂岩坡面最小。③径流流速特征参数与白色砂岩、红色砂岩和黄绵土匀质坡面侵蚀速率存在显著(R 2>0.80)线性关系,可作为砒砂岩区预测水力侵蚀产泥产沙变化的最佳参数。研究结果可作为砒砂岩区土壤侵蚀治理提供理论参考依据,有助于今后治理工作的开展,从而改善砒砂岩区的生态环境。The erosion rate and hydrodynamic characteristics of undisturbed slopes under runoff scouring conditions in different types of Pisha sandstone areas were revealed,and the influence of hydraulic erosion dynamics on slope erosion process was analyzed to pro-vide references for the comprehensive soil erosion control in Pisha sandstone areas as well.Taking three different types of homoge-neous slopes of white Pisha sandstone,red Pisha sandstone and loessial soil in Pisha sandstone area as the research objects,and run-off plots were constructed to carry out field in-situ simulation erosion tests.The results showed that,the soil erosion rates of different types of homogeneous slopes in Pisha sandstone area were ranked as follows:white sandstone slope>red sandstone slope>loess soil slope.The white sandstone slope was the most vulnerable to water erosion,and the erosion rate was 1.61 to 1.95 times greater than that of the loessial soil slope.The red sandstone slope was the second,which was 1.10 to 1.50 times that of the loess soil.During the scouring process,all slopes exhibited laminar flow,and showed a trend from rapid flow to slow flow over time.The flow velocity,Reynolds number,flow shear force,and flow power of each type of slope follow the order:white sandstone slope>red sandstone slope>loessial soil slope.According to the change of resistance characteristic parameters,it could be seen that the resistance of loess slope was the largest and that of white sandstone slope was the lowest.There was a significant linear relationship(R 2>0.80)between the characteristic parameters of runoff velocity and the erosion rate of homogeneous slope of white sandstone,red sandstone and loessial soil,which could be used as the best parameter for predicting the changes of sediment yield and sediment yield of hydraulic erosion in the Pisha sandstone area.The findings of this research provided a theoretical basis for soil erosion control efforts in the Pisha sandstone area,contributing to the enhancement of the ecological environment i

关 键 词：砒砂岩 土壤坡面 侵蚀速率 水动力 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]