法典背景下高等教育法编内容与结构之构想  

Conceptualizing the Content and Structure of“Higher Education Law Compilation”Under the Background of the Code

作　　者：范奇 FAN QI

机构地区：[1]西南大学教师教育院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学师德师风建设基地,重庆400715

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2025年第2期91-103,共13页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“师德失范的法学释义与制度建构研究”(24YJC880031)。

摘　　要：教育法典化是全国人大基于历史与现实的一项立法决断。在“总则-分则”模式下,作为分则的“高等教育法编”设定十分关键。我国高等教育法的法典化需要处理的规范性问题包括:高等教育法属性定位争议性较大,学科理论指引不足;高等教育法的法律构造呈现出两分法,立法体系存在竞合;高等教育法的内容较为特殊,相关问题有待厘清;高等教育法的立法技术具有复杂性、伦理性等。建构“高等教育法编”的关键就在于明确其逻辑基础,前提是明确教育法的学科属性定位。基于理论探究和实践经验,高等教育法的科学属性定位应是以公法为导向的领域法。在此基础上,借鉴其他国家的基本模式经验以及对目前学界观点的批判性吸收,得出我国高等教育法体系化的双重进路,即可在延续行政组织法的主线逻辑基础之上架构起容纳不同教育法律关系的体系逻辑,凸显高校组织活动的明线逻辑与成员权利保障的暗线逻辑,实现学位法主体内容的融入。在关键问题层面,我国“高等教育法编”应对办学自主权双重属性、高校特殊行政主体地位、高校学术机构统一、教师身份以及高校治理法渊源等问题进行回应,并按照总则、关系主体、行为与活动以及责任与救济等结构内容来编排“高等教育法编”。针对教育立法领域技术的复杂性,需认真对待其他单行法与解法典问题,要维持制度与发展性之间的平衡,保持“高等教育法编”的开放性与调适性。In the“General Provisions-Specific Provisions”mode,the establishment of the“Higher Education Law Compilation”as a specific provision is crucial.The normative issues in the codification of China’s higher education law involve four main aspects.The key to constructing the“Higher Education Law Compilation”lies in clarifying its logical foundation,provided that the disciplinary attributes of educational law are clearly defined.A systematic logic accommodating various educational legal relationships can be built on the primary foundation of continuity from the Administrative Organization Law.At a critical issue level,the“Compilation of Higher Education Law”in China should respond to issues such as the dual nature of the autonomy in running schools,the special administrative subject status of universities,the unity of academic institutions,the identity of teachers,and the sources of law for university governance.The“Compilation of Higher Education Law”should be arranged in accordance with the structural content such as general provisions,subjects of relations,behaviors and activities,as well as responsibilities and remedies.In view of the complexity of techniques in the field of education legislation,it is necessary to address issues related to other standalone laws and the the challenge of de-codification,maintain a balance between the system and development,and keep the“Compilation of Higher Education Law”open and adaptable.

关 键 词：法典化 高等教育法编 行政部门法 高校组织活动 高校法律关系 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]