魏禧的纵横气与“策士之文”  

Wei Xi’s Temperament of Political Strategists and His“Strategist Prose”

作　　者：李鹏[1] LI Peng

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学文化与传媒学院,北京102206

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2025年第2期128-137,共10页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

摘　　要：四库馆臣认为魏禧“才杂纵横”,其文为“策士之文”,这是对魏禧及其文章的精确把握。魏禧推崇纵横策士,揣摩过纵横家的学术,长期浸淫于苏洵文章,且对孟子有“策士气”的文章别有会心;而易堂诸子中有多人曾佐戎幕为策士,可能对其也有直接影响。魏禧因此身具策士气质,该气质体现在三个方面:一是他有强烈的用世之心,渴望建立事功;二是他不讳言权术机谋,推崇权变策略;三是他好雄辩,喜谈兵,有侠气。魏禧文章之所以被称为“策士之文”,就内在思想内容而言,是由于其文章传达的思想观念极不醇正,像策士一样讲权变,有突破儒家道德藩篱的风险;而公然无视君为臣纲的儒家伦理规范,显得尤为离经叛道;其最自负的论策文,多为针对某一具体问题提出应对策略,性质与策士运筹帷幄相似。从外在形式来看,其文章有三个特点与策士说辞相似:一是文多议论且好议论、善议论;二是见识过人,喜辩驳,时或好大言;三是行文重修辞,气势凌厉。以魏禧为个案,我们能够更好地理解“策士之文”的内涵。此外,魏禧与顾炎武、黄宗羲等人在崇尚实学、追求用世、反思君臣关系等方面存在同频共振现象,从中可略窥明清之际遗民群体在思想观念上存在的某些共性。Wei Xi highly respected strategists and had studied diversity theories,thus he had a temperament of political strategists,which was reflected in three aspects.Firstly,he was ambitious and wanted to create a legacy that would outlast him.Secondly,he talked openly about political tactics and praised strategic methods highly.Thirdly,he was eloquent,liked to discuss military affairs and had a chivalrous spirit.His prose was called strategist prose reasons.Firstly,the concepts conveyed in his articles were unorthodox,the advocating of the adaptability in tactics carried the risk of breaking through the moral barriers of Confucianism and the public denying of the emperor being the role model of his subjects deviated from norm.Secondly,the argumentative essays that he valued most were the same as the strategists’suggestions in a way.Besides,his prose had three characteristics which were similar to strategist’s rhetoric.On the one hand,there were a lot of argumentative essays and he really liked and was good at discussing.On the other hand,he had outstanding insight and liked to debate,and sometimes he would brag.Lastly,he devoted particular care to rhetoric in his writing and his style was swift and fierce.

关 键 词：魏禧 纵横家 策士 纵横气 策士之文 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]