高预紧力应力均布型锚杆在静-动载作用下的力学响应  

Mechanical response of high pre-tightening stress uniformly distributed bolt under static-dynamic load

作　　者：侯俊领 李垂宇[1] 黄童李 袁琳 刘世阳 黄平 HOU Junling;LI Chuiyu;HUANG Tongli;YUAN Lin;LIU Shiyang;HUANG Ping(School of Civil Architecture,Anhui University of Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China;Panzhihua University,Panzhihua Sichuan 617001,China;School of Mining Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China;Huainan Mining(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Huainan Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]攀枝花学院,四川攀枝花617001 [3]安徽理工大学矿业工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [4]淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2025年第1期50-59,共10页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室开放基金资助(SKLMRDPC19KF03)。

摘　　要：为解决因深部采动巷道强采动应力影响导致锚杆断锚、失锚现象发生的问题,有效提高锚杆预紧力,设计一款可施加高预紧力的应力均布型锚杆,综合采用理论分析、静载拉拔和落锤冲击试验、数值计算以及数字散斑相关法(DIC)等研究锚杆静载拉拔过程中载荷-位移分布特征,得到锚杆应力集中位置;采用Ansys数值模拟落锤冲击试验和霍普金森压杆(SHPB)冲击试验,研究锚杆在动载作用下的力学响应特征。研究结果表明:普通锚杆螺母螺纹变形沿着远离挤压面轴向呈指数降低,应变集中在螺纹前3圈,应力均布型锚杆可实现螺纹应变协调,力学环境良好;锚杆轴力变化分为上升区、震荡区、稳定区,当落锤冲量相同时,应力均布型锚杆可将冲击力降低为原来的64%,降低锚杆轴力振幅频率;应力均布型锚杆可降低应力波波形变化幅度及频率。该研究成果在朱集矿、潘二矿、丁集矿等深部巷道应用,锚杆未见断锚现象,对巷道围岩控制效果较好。In order to solve the problem of bolt breaking and losing anchor due to the influence of strong mining stress in deep mining roadway,and effectively improve the pre-tightening force of the bolt,a stress uniform bolt with high pre-tightening force was designed.The theoretical analysis,static load drawing and drop hammer impact test,numerical calculation and DIC method were used to study the load-displacement distribution characteristics of the bolt in the process of static load drawing,and the stress concentration position of the bolt was obtained.The mechanical response characteristics of the bolt under dynamic load were studied by using Ansys numerical simulation of drop hammer impact test and SHPB impact test.The results show that the thread deformation of the ordinary bolt nut decreases exponentially along the axial direction away from the extrusion surface,and the strain is concentrated in the first three circles of the thread.The stress uniformly distributed bolt can achieve thread strain coordination,and the mechanical environment is good.The change of bolt axial force is divided into a rising zone,an oscillating zone and a stable zone.When the drop hammer impulse is the same,the stress uniform distribution bolt can reduce the impact force to 64% of the original,and reduce the amplitude frequency of bolt axial force.The stress uniform distribution bolt can reduce the amplitude and frequency of the stress wave waveform.The research results have been applied to deep roadways such as Zhuji mine,Paner mine and Dingji mine.The bolt has no broken anchor phenomenon,and the control effect of the roadway surrounding rock is good.

关 键 词：预紧力 应力均布型锚杆 静载 动载 力学响应 数字散斑相关法(DIC) 锚杆破断 落锤冲击 霍普金森压杆(SHPB) 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]