教室结构布局对低龄小学生疏散效率的影响  

Influence of classroom structure layout on evacuation efficiency of young primary school students

作　　者：王珺[1] 胡杨慧 陈先锋[1] 孙绪绪[1] WANG Jun;HU Yanghui;CHEN Xianfeng;SUN Xuxu(School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China;Department of Public Security Management,Liaoning Police College,Dalian Liaoning 116036,China;State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei Anhui 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]辽宁警察学院治安管理系,辽宁大连116036 [3]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2025年第1期163-170,共8页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(WK2320000050)。

摘　　要：为提高低龄小学生在教学楼的疏散效率,采用紧急疏散试验获取6~7岁学生的运动特征,并使用Pathfinder模拟软件研究课桌布局、教室门位置和出口位置对疏散的影响,通过控制试验和数值模拟优化教室结构。结果表明:对于单个教室,虽然缩短预先行动时间可减少总体疏散时间,但无法改善由建筑结构造成的拥堵。适当的疏散路径和课桌布局可显著减少疏散时间,对于走廊一侧有教室的建筑,提高走廊宽度和出口宽度是提高疏散效率最有效的方法;对于走廊两侧有教室的建筑,建筑内疏散走廊的结构,包括走廊数量和走廊内的交叉口,是影响疏散时间的最重要因素,因此,建议从不同方面制定优化教室疏散结构的方案。In order to improve the evacuation efficiency of the teaching building,the classroom structure was optimized through control experiments and numerical simulations to enhance evacuation efficiency.Emergency evacuation tests were used to obtain the movement characteristics of students aged 6-7 years old.And Pathfinder simulation software was used to study the impact of desk layout,classroom door position,and exit position on evacuation.The results indicate that for a single classroom,although shortening the pre-action time can reduce the overall evacuation time,it cannot improve the congestion caused by the building structure.Appropriate evacuation routes and desk layouts can significantly reduce evacuation time.For buildings with classrooms on one side of the corridor,increasing the width of the corridor and exit is the most effective way to improve evacuation efficiency.For buildings with classrooms on both sides of the corridor,the structure of the evacuation corridor inside the building,including the number of corridors and the intersections inside the corridors,is the most important factor affecting evacuation time.Therefore,it is recommended to develop optimization plans for classroom evacuation structure from different aspects.

关 键 词：教室结构 低龄小学生 疏散效率 课桌布局 出口位置 

分 类 号：X928.03[环境科学与工程—安全科学]