考虑灾后模糊需求与道路受损的应急物资配送模型及算法  

Emergency supply distribution model and its algorithm considering post-disaster fuzzy demand and road damage

作　　者：曾小青[1] 刘理明 程泽禹 ZENG Xiaoqing;LIU Liming;CHENG Zeyu(School of Economocs and Management,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha Hunan 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学经济与管理学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2025年第1期186-193,共8页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助(21BGL176)。

摘　　要：在重大灾害发生初期,在受灾点需求不确定、受灾区域道路损坏以及考虑救援工作的公平性和及时性等影响下,为实现迅速而有效地配送应急物资,应用社交网络搜索算法(SNS)求解应急物资配送模型。首先,在考虑模糊需求和受灾道路损坏的基础背景下,以应急救援总成本和人道主义救援评价为目标,构建应急物资配送模型;然后,在求解模型时引入SNS算法,并提出强化学习率策略的改进SNS(ISNS);最后,以2022年四川泸定地震为例,分别应用SNS算法、ISNS算法、离散粒子群算法、遗传算法和模拟退火算法这5种求解该算例。结果表明:ISNS算法具有稳定性,求解结果与其他算法相比,应急救援总成本至少节省6410元,人道主义救援评价目标至少提升50.6%,体现出ISNS算法的优越性。ISNS算法有利于应急物资配送问题求解。In the early stages of a major disaster,where demand at disaster sites is uncertain,roads are damaged in affected areas,and the fairness and timeliness of rescue operations must be considered,the SNS algorithm is applied to solve the emergency supply distribution model to achieve rapid and effective distribution of emergency supplies.First,an emergency supply distribution model was constructed,with the objective of minimizing the total cost of emergency rescue and the evaluation of humanitarian aid under the background of fuzzy demand and damaged roads.Then,the SNS algorithm was introduced to solve the model,and an improved SNS(ISNS)algorithm with a reinforcement learning rate strategy was proposed.Finally,taking the 2022 Luding Earthquake in Sichuan as an example,the SNS algorithm,ISNS algorithm,discrete particle swarm optimization,genetic algorithm,and simulated annealing algorithm were applied to solve this case,respectively.The results indicate that the ISNS algorithm demonstrates stability.Compared with other algorithms,the total cost of emergency rescue is reduced by at least 6410 yuan,and the evaluation of the humanitarian aid evaluation target is improved by at least 50.6%,highlighting the superiority of the ISNS algorithm.The ISNS algorithm is beneficial for solving emergency supply distribution problems.

关 键 词：模糊需求 道路受损 应急物资配送 社交网络搜索算法(SNS) 时间满意度 

分 类 号：X913.1[环境科学与工程—安全科学]