加拿大一枝黄花残根长度对其越冬后无性繁殖生长及土壤理化的影响  

Effects of residual root length of Solidago canadensis on its vegetative growth and soil physical and chemical properties

作　　者：李俊 李昆 王薇[1] 夏磊 曲永韬 李兆华 王玲[1,2] LI Jun;LI Kun;WANG Wei;XIA Lei;QU Yongtao;LI Zhaohua;WANG Ling(Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response,Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;Institute of Ecological Civilization Construction,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学资源环境学院区域开发与环境响应湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]湖北大学生态文明建设研究院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《湖北大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期192-200,共9页Journal of Hubei University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42201325);枝江市农业外来入侵物种普查(2022108002001149)资助。

摘　　要：加拿大一枝黄花是我国外来入侵物种重点管控对象,如何有效根除是当今生态环境领域亟需解决的问题之一。但目前采用较多的化学药剂法对加拿大一枝黄花的防治易引入新的污染物,增加土壤环境风险。为实现加拿大一枝黄花绿色高效防治,提高物理破碎法处理效果,采用1 cm,2 cm,3~4 cm,5~6 cm和全长的加拿大一枝黄花主根根系作为研究对象,模拟翻耕破碎后留于土壤中的残根无性繁殖过程,明确加拿大一枝黄花不同长度残根无性繁殖能力强弱及其对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:1)加拿大一枝黄花残根无性繁殖存活率、共根率、萌芽率均随残根长度的增加而显著升高(P<0.05),且残根长度≥2 cm时,其存活率、共根率、萌芽率大幅增加到43.4%以上。2)加拿大一枝黄花残根新生植株的株高、生物量、须根数目均随残根长度的增加而显著提高(P<0.05),但根长最大值与残根长度负相关。3)加拿大一枝黄花残根长度与土壤pH极显著负相关(P<0.01),与土壤总氮含量显著正相关(P<0.05),且全长主根处理组中土壤总氮含量比背景值高107.58 mg·kg^(-1)。以上结果表明,加拿大一枝黄花残根长度≥2 cm时,其无性繁殖存活率、共根率、萌芽率大大提高,主要通过不同的根系系统发展策略进行土壤养分吸收,其中氮素供应对新生植株的萌芽起到关键调控作用。因此对加拿大一枝黄花根部进行破碎处理,使其残根长度低于2 cm能够极大程度抑制其无性繁殖成功率。Solidago canadensis(S.canadensis)is the key invasive species to be monitored and controlled in China.How to effectively eradicate S.canadensis is one of the urgent problems to be solved in the field of ecological environment.However,many chemical methods used in the control of S.canadensis are easy to introduce new pollutants and increase the risk of soil environment.In order to achieve effective and green control of S.canadensis and improve the treatment effect of physical crushing method,1 cm,2 cm,3-4 cm,5-6 cm and full-length roots of S.canadensis were used as the research object to simulate the vegetative propagation of residual roots left in soil after tillage and crushing,and to investigate the vegetative propagation ability of S.canadensis with different length of stump and its effect on soil physicochemical properties.The results showed as follows:1)The survival rate,co-root rate and germination rate of S.canadensis vegetative propagation increased significantly with the increase of the residual root length(P<0.05),and the survival rate,co-root rate and germination rate of S.canadensis increased more than 43.4%when the residual root length was≥2 cm.2)The plant height,biomass,and fibrous roots number of new S.canadensis increased obviously with the increase of the residual root length(P<0.05),but the maximum length of root was negatively correlated with the residual root length.3)The residual root length showed a negative relationship with soil pH(P<0.01)and a positive correlation with soil total nitrogen content(P<0.05),and the soil total nitrogen content of full-length rhizotropis treatment was 107.58 mg·kg^(-1) which was higher than the background value.These results indicated that the survival rate,co-root rate and germination rate of S.canadensis would be greatly improved when the residual root length was more than 2 cm.The newborn plants of S.canadensis absorbed soil nutrients mainly through different strategies of root system development,and nitrogen supply played a key role in regulating the ger

关 键 词：加拿大一枝黄花 无性繁殖 萌芽率 根系系统 土壤理化 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学] S451[农业科学—植物保护]