闽西稀土矿周边土壤重金属生物可给性及健康风险评估  

Bioavailability of Heavy Metals and Its Human Health Risks Assessment in Soil Surrounding Rare-Earth Mining Areas in Western Fujian

作　　者：王福玲 陈秀玲[1,2,3] 周玲 郭玉杰[1,2] 周芸蕊 WANG Fuling;CHEN Xiuling;ZHOU Ling;GUO Yujie;ZHOU Yunrui(School of Geographical Sciences,School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Institute of Geography,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院、碳中和未来技术学院,福州350117 [2]福建师范大学福建省亚热带资源与环境重点实验室,福州350117 [3]福建师范大学地理研究所,福州350117

出　　处：《亚热带资源与环境学报》2024年第4期53-63,共11页Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2019J01259)。

摘　　要：生物可给性是表征重金属被生物实际吸收含量的重要指标,可用于评估重金属对人体健康产生的影响。探究稀土矿区周边土壤重金属污染状况及其生物可给性对评估矿区重金属对人体健康可能造成的危害具有重要的现实意义。以闽西南典型稀土矿区为研究对象,分析土壤中6种重金属(V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cd、Pb)含量,结合体外胃-肠模拟法(PBET)计算土壤中上述重金属的生物可给性,进而修正土壤重金属暴露于人体的健康风险值。结果表明,土壤中重金属的平均含量(mg·kg^(-1))分别为V(92.98)、Cr(57.06)、Co(10.14)、Ni(12.01)、Cd(0.81)和Pb(35.1),均高于福建省土壤背景值。重金属生物可给性平均值由大到小的顺序为胃阶段:V(62.20%)>Pb(47.59%)>Cr(26.07%)>Co(4.64%)>Ni(4.38%)>Cd(0.05%);小肠阶段:V(39.22%)>Pb(6.90%)>Cr(4.51%)>Ni(3.63%)>Co(2.13%)>Cd(0.03%)。根据生物可给性校正的非致癌风险暴露量的前后结果均小于1,风险指数在可接受范围内。根据生物可给性校正致癌污染后,致癌污染对成人和儿童的健康风险值低1~4个数量级。经手口摄食是土壤重金属最主要的暴露途径。采用生物可给性修正的人体健康风险评估结果明显低于依据总量进行的健康风险评估结果。Bioavailability is an important indicator that characterizes the actual amount of heavy metals absorbed by organisms,and it is an important method for evaluating the impact of heavy metals on human health.Investigating the heavy metal pollution status of soil around rare earth mining areas and its bioavailability has significant practical significance for assessing the potential harm of heavy metals in mining areas to human health.This study takes a typical rare earth mining area in the southwest of Fujian as the research object,analyzes the concentrations of six heavy metals(V,Cr,Co,Ni,Cd,and Pb)in the soil,and calculates the bioavailability of the above heavy metals in the soil combined with the in vitro physiologically based extraction test(PBET),thereby correcting the health risk values of soil heavy metal exposure to the human body.The results show that the average content of heavy metals(mg kg^(-1))in the soil is V(92.98),Cr(57.06),Co(10.14),Ni(12.01),Cd(0.81)and Pb(35.1),all of which are higher than the background values of soils in Fujian Province.The average bioavailability of heavy metals is in the order of:V(62.20%)>Pb(47.59%)>Cr(26.07%)>Co(4.64%)>Ni(4.38%)>Cd(0.05%)in the gastric stage,and in the small intestinal stage:V(39.22%)>Pb(6.90%)>Cr(4.51%)>Ni(3.63%)>Co(2.13%)>Cd(0.03%).The non-carcinogenic risk exposure amounts before and after correction based on bioavailability are both less than 1,and the risk index is within an acceptable range.After correction for carcinogenic contamination based on bioavailability,the health risk values of carcinogenic contamination for adults and children are 1~4 orders of magnitude lower.Hand-oral ingestion is the main exposure pathway for soil heavy metals.The health risk assessment results corrected by bioavailability are significantly lower than the health risk assessment results based on the total amount.

关 键 词：稀土矿 土壤 重金属 体外生物可给性 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：K930[历史地理—人文地理学]