涡虫的生物学特性及其对有害生物防控的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Biological Characteristics and Pest Control of Planarians

作　　者：潘首慧 郭崇韬 张舟琼 尹旺 左锐 邓仁菊 PAN Shouhui;GUO Chongtao;ZHANG Zhouqiong;YIN Wang;ZUO Rui;DENG Renju(Anshun Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Anshun 561000,Guizhou,China;Biotechnology Institute of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550009,China;Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology,Guiyang 550009,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guiyang 550009,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司安顺市公司,贵州安顺561000 [2]贵州省生物技术研究所,贵阳550009 [3]贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵阳550009 [4]农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵阳550009

出　　处：《亚热带资源与环境学报》2024年第4期78-86,共9页Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司安顺市公司重大科技项目(2023ASXM04);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2020〕1Y097号)。

摘　　要：涡虫是一类分布广泛、表型丰富的扁形动物,是自然界水体和陆地小型无脊椎动物的天然捕食者。涡虫在类群及栖境上多样,具有组织器官分化、外形多样、退行性生长、两套生殖体系和环境因素敏感性等生物学特征。涡虫的捕食现象表现为活体捕食与食腐性并存,更倾向于捕食移动速度慢且缺乏防御措施的猎物,具有追踪化学痕迹趋向性及神经毒素分泌等特点,对白蚁、蜗牛、蛞蝓及蚊虫等有害生物具有一定的防控潜力。然而,它们在捕食前识别猎物的核心机制、制服不同猎物的具体策略以及捕食消化猎物的机理等方面亟需进一步研究。Planarians,a group of flatworms widely distributed across diverse habitats,are natural predators of small invertebrates in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.These organisms exhibit remarkable biological characteristics,including diverse taxes and habitats,tissue and organ differentiation,morphological variation,regenerative growth,dual reproductive systems,and sensitivity to environmental factors.Planarian predation behavior encompasses both live predation and scavenging,with a preference for prey that are slow-moving and lack effective defense mechanisms.They are equipped with the ability to track chemical cues and secrete neurotoxins,demonstrating potential for the biological control of pests such as termites,snails,slugs,and mosquitoes.However,further investigation is needed to elucidate the core mechanisms underlying prey recognition,the specific strategies for subduing various prey,and the processes involved in predation and digestion.

关 键 词：涡虫 生物学特性 捕食 有害生物防控 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学]