敦煌天王画细节:胸甲护镜中的西方艺术  

An Analysis of The Exotic Elements in the Armored Breast Protectors of the Heavenly Kings in Dunhuang Murals

作　　者：葛承雍 Ge Chengyong

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学人文高等研究院、敦煌研究院丝路中心

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2025年第1期4-17,150,共15页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学项目"敦煌壁画外来图像文明属性研究"(项目编号:20VJXT014)成果。

摘　　要：中国北朝隋唐佛教的天王图像曾流行了几百年,成为壁画、雕塑和绢画等载体表现的耀眼艺术,但天王威猛之盔甲胸甲图像却很少受到关注。本文从敦煌流散出去的《行道天王图》绢画、《毗沙门天王画像》纸画稿,以及开运四年(947)纸本版画《大圣毗沙门天王像》和榆林窟第15窟胸甲人面天王图壁画等材料入手,结合西安、洛阳等地出土的中古时期天王俑造型艺术进行梳理分析,追踪了罗马胸甲艺术流传入华的辗转演化,确定中国天王胸甲护镜中的人脸、鹰隼、狮头等造型均源自希腊罗马的西方艺术,是敦煌画像与壁画中研究的新突破。The Buddhist art image of Heavenly Kings through the Northern-Dynasty,Sui,and Tang Dynasties prevail for several hundred years as the brilliant artistic representation in murals,sculptures and silk paintings.Yet,the image of the Heavenly King wearing helmet and breastplate is somewhat ignored.This thesis goes from the images such as the‘Vaisravana Heavenly King Riding Across the Waters'(行道天王图)in silk,the‘Vai?rava?a Heavenly King'(毗沙门天王像)in a draft of banner picture missing from the Dunhuang Caves,the‘Great Sage Vai?rava?a Heavenly King'(大圣毗沙门天王像)in paper print of the 4~(th)year of Kaiyun(947),and the mural of a human-faced Heavenly King in breast armor in Cave 15 of Yulin Caves together with the Heavenly King figurines unearthed in Chang'an and Luoyang to trace the evolutionary transformation of Roman thorumachus art spreading into China.The research has reached the conclusion that the artistic human face,eagle,and lion head in the armored breast protectors of the Chinese Heavenly Kings derive from Greek and Roman,it is a breakthrough in the study of portraits and murals in Dunhuang.

关 键 词：天王画 胸甲 圆护镜 希腊罗马 画像 壁画 

分 类 号：J205[艺术—美术]