浙江苍南番茄-水稻轮作对连作土壤理化性质和微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Tomato-Rice Rotation on Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Communities of Soil with Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Cangnan,Zhejiang

作　　者：王少骅 沈年桥 储天然 吴永汉[3] 李康宁 石延霞[1] 谢学文[1] 李磊 范腾飞 李宝聚[1] 柴阿丽[1] WANG ShaoHua;SHEN NianQiao;CHU TianRan;WU YongHan;LI KangNing;SHI YanXia;XIE XueWen;LI Lei;FAN TengFei;LI BaoJu;CHAI ALi(Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding,Beijing 100081;Cangnan County Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Wenzhou 325800,Zhejiang;Wenzhou Vocational College of Science&Technology,Wenzhou 325006,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所/蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室,北京100081 [2]苍南县农业技术推广站,浙江温州325800 [3]温州科技职业学院,浙江温州325006

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第4期692-703,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1401200);苍南县现代农业产业提升项目(2023CNYJY01);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIPIVFCAAS);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23)。

摘　　要：【目的】浙江苍南番茄长期连作导致土壤酸化、次生盐渍化、土壤板结和土传病害严重等一系列土壤连作障碍问题。本论文通过分析番茄-水稻轮作对长期连作土壤理化性质、酶活性、微生物量和微生物群落结构等的影响,旨在提供一种减轻土壤连作障碍、改善土壤环境的方法。【方法】设置番茄连续单作18年(T1)、番茄连作17年后番茄-水稻轮作1年(T2)、番茄连作15年后番茄-水稻轮作3年(T3)3组试验处理,采集土壤样本。采用p H计和电导率仪测定土壤p H和EC值,高温燃烧法、凯氏定氮法、氯化钾溶液浸提法等方法测定土壤总碳、总氮、铵态氮等土壤理化性质。使用酶活性试剂盒测定土壤酶活性,q PCR技术检测微生物总量和有害微生物浓度,选择性培养基平板涂布计数法对土壤可培养微生物进行计数。采用Mi Seq PE3000高通量测序平台进行土壤宏基因组测序、拼接组装、序列比对和功能注释。【结果】不同处理土壤理化性质差异显著,番茄-水稻轮作1年和3年分别将土壤p H从单作的5.20提高至6.04和6.73,将EC值从单作的558μS·cm^(-1)降至417和445μS·cm^(-1),碳氮比从9.16提高至10.45和10.74。轮作后土壤酶活性提高,过氧化氢酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶活性分别由11.72μmol·d^(-1)·g^(-1)、10.76μg·d^(-1)·g^(-1)和22.67 mg·d^(-1)·g^(-1)提高至58.58μmol·d^(-1)·g^(-1)、142.48μg·d^(-1)·g^(-1)和37.10 mg·d^(-1)·g^(-1)。轮作后微生物数量和群落结构发生变化,有害微生物减少,土壤可培养放线菌含量增加,真菌/细菌比值降低,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)等显著增加,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)显著减少;轮作3年土壤中青枯、软腐、枯萎病菌的含量分别降至1.76×10~3、7.28×10~2和3.07×10^(3 )copies/g。轮作后土壤微生物潜在功能发生变化,碳水化合物代谢、能量代谢等相关基因丰度增�【Objective】Long-term continuous cropping of tomato in Cangnan,Zhejiang Province leads to a series of soil continuous cropping obstacles,such as soil acidification,secondary salinization,soil compaction and serious soil-borne diseases.In this paper,the effects of tomato-rice rotation on soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activity,microbial biomass and microbial community structure under long-term continuous cropping were analyzed,aiming to provide a method to alleviate soil continuous cropping obstacles and improve soil environment.【Method】Three treatments were set up and soil samples were collected.T1 was tomato continuous monoculture for 18 years,T2 was tomato continuous monoculture for 17 years followed by one year of tomato-rice rotation,and T3 was tomato continuous monoculture for 15 years followed by three years of tomato-rice rotation.Soil pH and EC values were measured by pH meter and conductivity meter.Soil physicochemical properties such as total carbon,total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were determined by high temperature combustion method,Kjeldahl nitrogen fixation method and potassium chloride solution leaching method.Soil enzyme activities were determined using enzyme activity kits.Total and harmful microorganism concentrations were detected using qPCR,and soil culturable microorganisms were counted using selective medium plate smear counting method.The MiSeq PE3000 high-throughput sequencing platform was used for sequencing,splicing and assembly,sequence comparison and functional annotation of the soil microgenome.【Result】There were significant differences in soil physicochemical properties among different treatments.One and three years of tomato-rice rotation treatments increased soil pH from 5.20 to 6.04 and 6.73,and reduced EC from 558μS·cm^(-1) to 417 and 445μS·cm^(-1),and increased C﹕N ratios from 9.16 to 10.45 and 10.74.Soil enzyme activities were increased in the rotations,with catalase,urease,polyphenol oxidase activities increased from 11.72μmol·d^(-1)·g^(-1),10.7

关 键 词：番茄-水稻轮作 土壤 理化性质 有害微生物 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S511[农业科学—园艺学]