含油浮渣底泥脱水除油研究进展及展望  

Research Progress and Outlook on Dehydration and Oil Removal of Oil Sludge Sediment

作　　者：谢加才 张健威 王晓鹏 仝坤 王梓先 张树德 Xie Jiacai;Zhang Jianwei;Wang Xiaopeng;Tong Kun;Wang Zixian;Zhang Shude(CNPC Research Institute of Safety&Environment Technology)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司

出　　处：《油气田环境保护》2025年第1期5-9,共5页Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields

基　　金：国家重点研发项目《炼化废水全息解析与梯级利用智慧决策平台研究》(2023YFC3206901)。

摘　　要：含油浮渣底泥是含液率(油+水)高达80%以上的多相乳化体系,产生量大、含水率高,脱水难度大,其脱水除油减量是后续处理处置的瓶颈。文章简述了含油浮渣底泥的来源、组成、特点和处理难点,总结了脱水除油处理方法,包括物理法、化学法、生物法和热处理法等,物理法主要有机械法、萃取法等,化学法有电化学法、氧化法、化学热洗法等,生物法包括生物反应器法、生物浮选法,热处理法则有蒸汽喷射、热干化、水热法等,上述方法各有优缺点。指出含油浮渣底泥脱水除油处理难点主要是处理效果差、成本高、处理产物品质差等,应根据含油浮渣底泥的组成和特点选用低成本、低污染、低碳技术,开发高效处理技术及装置。Oily sludge sediment is a multiphase emulsion system with a liquid content(oil+water)exceeding 80%,characterized by its high production volume,high water content,and significant difficulty in dewatering.The dewatering and oil removal of oily sludge is a bottleneck in subsequent treatment and disposal processes.This article briefly describes the sources,composition,characteristics,and treatment challenges of oily sludge,and summarizes dewatering and oil removal methods,including physical,chemical,biological,and thermal treatment methods.Physical methods mainly involve mechanical and extraction techniques,while chemical methods encompass electrochemical,oxidation,and chemical thermal washing processes.Biological methods include bioreactor and biosorptive flotation processes,and thermal treatment methods comprise steam injection,thermal drying,and hydrothermal processes,each with its advantages and disadvantages.The article points out that the main challenges in dewatering and oil removal from oily sludge are poor treatment effects,high costs,and low quality of treatment products.It is necessary to select low-cost,low-pollution,and low-carbon technologies based on the composition and characteristics of oily sludge,and to develop efficient treatment technologies and devices.

关 键 词：含油浮渣底泥 脱水除油 多相乳化体系 破乳脱稳 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TE992.3[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]