页岩油采出水劣化原因分析及处理研究  

Analysis on Deterioration Causes and Treatment for Produced Water from Shale Oil Extraction

作　　者：魏亚军 邹伟 韩雨婷 杨超 黄昕茹 毛森 Wei Yajun;Zou Wei;Han Yuting;Yang Chao;Huang Xinru;Mao Sen(PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Branch Xi'an Changqing Chemical Group Co.;PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Branch Shale Oil Development Branch;North China Institute of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]中国石油长庆油田分公司西安长庆化工集团有限公司 [2]中国石油长庆油田分公司页岩油开发分公司 [3]华北科技学院

出　　处：《油气田环境保护》2025年第1期16-22,共7页Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields

摘　　要：页岩油藏普遍采用水平井体积压裂方式开发,目前长庆油田页岩油水平井压裂以聚合物压裂液体系为主且入地液量大,导致油井生产过程中采出水数量及水中聚合物含量增加,大大提高了采出水处理难度。文章针对长庆油田某联合站采出水含油量、悬浮固体含量超标的问题,运用显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜(SEM)分析悬浮固体的组成,通过水质分析研究采出水劣化原因。结果表明,采出水中悬浮固体主要为储层改造过程中使用的聚合物、无机垢及随原油开采地层中的黏土矿物,采出水中聚合物、SRB细菌高及一段脱水温度、除油罐温度较低等是导致采出水水质劣化的原因。在水质分析与认识的基础上,研制了净水剂CQJS-1并在现场进行试验,试验结果表明采出水经净水剂处理后水中悬浮固体含量去除率及除油率均达到85%以上,取得了较好的应用效果。Horizontal well volume fracturing technology is generally used to develop shale reservoirs.At present,horizontal well volume fracturing of shale oil in Changqing Oilfield is dominated by polymer fracturing liquid system,and large amount of wastewater flow back to the ground.As a result,the amount of produced water and polymer content increase in the production process of oil wells,which greatly improves the difficulty of produced water treatment.In this paper,the composition of suspended solids was analyzed by microscope,X-ray diffractometer and scanning electro microscope(SEM)to solve the problem of excessive oil and suspended solids in produced water of a joint station in Changqing Oilfield.The cause of produced water deterioration was studied by the analysis of water quality.The results showed that the suspended solids in produced water were mainly polymers added in the process of reservoir modification,inorganic scale and clay minerals in the formation with crude oil extraction.The high content of polymers and SRB bacteria in the produced water,and the low temperature of the first-stage dehydration and oil removal tank were the reasons for the deterioration of the produced water quality.Based on the analysis of water quality,the water purification agent CQJS-1 was developed and tested in the field.The test results showed that the removal rates of suspended solids and oil of produced water after treatment with the water purification agent were more than 85%,and good application effect was obtained.

关 键 词：页岩油 采出水 悬浮固体 净水剂 

分 类 号：X703.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TE991.2[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]