主体悲剧及其翻转——论拉康对《安提戈涅》的阐释  

Subject's Tragic and its Conversion:Based on the Explanation of Antigone by Jacques Lacan

作　　者：叶娟娟 Ye Juanjuan(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,East China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中文系

出　　处：《美学与艺术评论》2024年第2期87-100,254,255,共16页Journal of Aesthetics and Art Review

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目;华东师范大学青年预研究项目“拉康精神分析与文学批评研究”阶段性成果,批准号为2023ECNU-YYJ034。

摘　　要：精神分析以家庭结构作为探究主体存在境况的基本场域,不同于弗洛伊德将孩子对母亲的欲望视作俄狄浦斯情结的根本,拉康指出母亲欲望在主体存在中具有更为基础的结构性作用。在《安提戈涅》中,母亲欲望是主体悲剧的前因。安提戈涅坚持主体伦理,在“埃特”位置以绝对的自我意志浇铸象征界,将其主体存在镶嵌于象征界,倒转了陷入二度死亡的绝境,由此翻转了自身的悲剧命运,成为拉康意义上的理想主体,被拉康称为真正的悲剧英雄。以安提戈涅为代表,悲剧英雄通过对跨越边界潜能的实现,一方面发挥着美作为防线的功能,阻止主体跌落欲望的无尽空洞,另一方面又通过展示“痛苦游戏”,使主体因先期体验生存的巨大焦虑,从而拥有不被摧毁的力量。Psychoanalysis takes the family structure as the basic field to explore the subject's existence.Different from Freud who regards the child's desire for the mother as the root of the Oedipus complex,Lacan points out that the mother's desire has a more basic structural role in the subject's existence.In Antigone,the mother's desire is the antecedent of the subject's tragedy.Antigone insists on subject ethics and engraves her existence in the symbolic with absolute self-will in the position of“Atè”,reversing the impasse of falling into the second death,thereby she could reverse her tragic destiny.Lacan regards Antigone as an ideal subject and the real tragic hero.Represented by Antigone,the tragic hero plays the function of beauty as a defense line,preventing the subject from falling into the endless void of desire,and through demonstrates the“pain game”,it helps subject possess the power of not to be destroyed by experience the great anxiety of survival in advance.

关 键 词：拉康精神分析 主体存在 埃特 二度死亡 崇高客体 

分 类 号：I545.073[文学—其他各国文学]