退役动力电池回收的经济性分析  

Economic analysis of recycling retired power batteries

作　　者：杜世龙 郝瀚[1,2] DU Shilong;HAO Han(School of Vehicle and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Center for Resources Energy and Sustainable Development,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京100084 [2]清华-力拓资源能源与可持续发展研究中心,清华大学,北京100084

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2025年第1期86-96,共11页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72122010);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1908501)。

摘　　要：回收电动汽车动力电池是资源再生、避免污染的重要手段。本文构建了一个技术经济模型;提出了“理想折扣系数”的概念,用于评估回收定价体系的抗冲击能力。基于退役动力电池的回收过程,量化了回收成本的10类关键组成,定量分析了三元锂(NCM)和磷酸铁锂(LFP)电池湿法回收的成本和收益,讨论了市场、政策、技术等因素的影响。结果表明:在基准金属价格水平下,NCM 811电池回收的净利润为3493元/t;除非提升锂价,湿法冶金回收LFP电池无法盈利。从而,若将锂纳入回收计价金属,则可降低回收折扣系数对电池关键原材料价格的敏感性。Recycling power batteries from electric vehicles is an important means of resource regeneration and pollution prevention.This paper constructed a techno-economic model and proposed the concept of“ideal discount coefficient”to evaluate the shock resistance of the recycling pricing system.10 key components of recycling costs were quantified based on the recycling process of retired power batteries.The cost and benefits of hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide(NCM)batteries and lithium iron phosphate(LFP)batteries were quantitatively analyzed to discuss the impact of market,policy,technology and other factors on the economic efficiency of recycling.The results show that at the baseline metal price level,the net profit of hydrometallurgical recycling of NCM 811 batteries is 3493 CNY/t;The hydrometallurgical recycling of LFP batteries is not profitable,unless there is a rise in lithium prices.Therefore,incorporating lithium into base metals for recycling pricing can mitigate the sensitivity of the recycling discount coefficient to fluctuations in key battery raw material prices.

关 键 词：电动汽车 锂离子电池 电池回收 三元锂(NCM)电池 磷酸铁锂(LFP)电池 技术经济 

分 类 号：X734.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程] G301[文化科学]