短命植物播娘蒿双季节萌发植株的生活史特征  

Life history characteristics of bi-seasonal germinated plants of ephemeral Descurainia sophia

作　　者：崔静怡 严佳玥 高悦 郑玉琪 魏岩[1] CUI Jingyi;YAN Jiayue;GAO Yue;ZHENG Yuqi;WEI Yan(College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院/新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室/西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2025年第2期267-277,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560113)。

摘　　要：播娘蒿(Descurainia sophia)为一年生短命植物,具有秋季和春季双季节萌发的策略,对其生活史特征进行研究有助于深入理解短命植物的生活史适应策略。本文对分布于准噶尔荒漠的播娘蒿春萌株和秋萌株的物候特征、生长动态、生物量分配和繁殖输出进行对比研究。结果表明:1)播娘蒿存在春/秋萌现象,秋萌株从萌发到生活史结束的时间(250 d)显著(P<0.05)长于春萌株(100 d);春季为快速生长期,秋萌株和春萌株的现蕾和盛花期同步进行。2)秋萌株的株高、根长及地上、地下生物量均显著(P<0.05)大于春萌株;两者根长及地下生物量随物候进程呈缓慢增长趋势,株高和地上生物量随着植物进入生殖生长呈加快增长趋势。3)春萌株的根冠比显著(P<0.05)大于秋萌株;春萌株和秋萌株的根冠比由3月12日的0.31和0.28下降到5月16日的0.11和0.09。4)4月中旬之前植株投资于营养器官(叶和根),之后植物进入生殖生长,茎和繁殖器官的生物量分配比例逐渐增大;秋萌株茎的生物量分配比例高于春萌株,果实的生物量分配比例低于春萌株。5)秋萌株的单株果实数目、种子数目及种子生物量均大于春萌株,种子的繁殖分配无显著差异。播娘蒿春秋两季萌发策略,保证其种子萌发行为在时间和空间上分散,可防止其同胞后代之间的相互竞争,对于保持种群稳定和扩大种群的更新具有重要意义。Descurainia sophia is an annual ephemeral plant with a bi-season germination strategy in autumn and spring.The study of its life history traits is helpful in understanding the life history adaptation strategies of ephemeral plants.This study compared the phenological traits,growth dynamics,biomass allocation,and reproductive output of spring-germinated plants(SGP)and autumn-germinated plants(AGP)of Descurainia sophia in Junggar Desert.Results showed:1)Descurainia sophia exhibits the phenomenon of spring/autumn germination.The time from germination to the end-of-life history of AGP(250 d)was significantly longer than that of SGP(100 d).Spring is the rapid growth period,and the flower budding stage and full blooming stage of AGP and SGP are synchronized.2)The plant height,root length,aboveground biomass,and underground biomass of AGP were significantly higher than those of SGP.The root length and underground biomass of the two species showed a slow growth trend with the phenological process,and the plant height and aboveground biomass showed an accelerated growth trend as the plant entered reproductive growth.3)The root/shoot ratio of SGP was significantly higher than that of AGP.The root-shoot ratio of SGP and AGP decreased from 0.38 and 0.31 at the emergence stage to 0.11 and 0.09 at the maturation stage.4)Plants invest in vegetative organs(leaves and roots)before mid-April,after which they enter reproductive growth,and the biomass allocation ratio of stems and reproductive organs gradually increases.The biomass distribution ratio of stems of AGP was higher than that of SGP,and the distribution ratio of fruits of SGP was higher than that of AGP.5)The fruit number,seed number,and seed biomass of AGP were higher than those of SGP,and there was no significant difference in seed reproductive allocation.The germination strategy of Descurainia sophia in spring and autumn ensures that its seed germination behavior is dispersed in time and space and can prevent competition between its sibling offspring,which is of great

关 键 词：准噶尔荒漠 萌发物候 春萌株 秋萌株 生长动态 生物量 繁殖分配 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]