大颖草和短芒披碱草的染色体FISH分析  

Chromosomal FISH analysis of Kengyilia grandiglumis and Elymus breviaristatus

作　　者：刘瑞娟[1] 陈文杰[1] 蒋礼玲[2] LIU Ruijuan;CHEN Wenjie;JIANG Liling(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota/Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources/Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’ning 810008,Qinghai,China;National Duplicate Genebank for Crops,Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xi’ning 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室/青海省作物分子育种重点实验室/青藏高原作物种质资源研究与利用实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海大学农林科学院国家作物种质复份库,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业科学》2025年第2期371-377,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省应用基础研究项目(2021-ZJ-725);农业农村部农业资源环境保护项目(125A0605)。

摘　　要：大颖草(Kengyilia grandiglumis)和短芒披碱草(Elymus breviaristatus)是分布在青藏高原沙生环境中的两种多年生禾草。本研究采用顺序荧光原位杂交(FISH)和基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术,应用转座子探针S5和串联重复序列探针AAG对两禾草根尖有丝分裂中期的染色体进行了分析。结果显示,GISH信号可成功区分P、H、St和Y 4个亚基因组,在此基础上获得了S5和AAG探针在两种植物21对染色体上的分布信息。大颖草中S5信号多分布在端粒及近端粒区,P亚基因组中分布位点最多;AAG信号多分布在近着丝粒区和近端粒区,Y亚基因组中分布的位点最多。短芒披碱草中S5信号分布在端粒、近端粒区、近着丝粒区和臂中部区,H亚基因组上信号比St和Y亚基因组丰富;AAG信号分布在近着丝粒区、臂中部区和近端粒区,信号分布位点在St亚基因组中最少。本研究获得了两种异源六倍体禾草亚基因组水平的染色体信号特征,为大颖草和短芒披碱草种质资源的评价及利用奠定了基础。Kengyilia grandiglumis and Elymus breviaristatus are two species of perennial grass distributed in the sandy environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In this study,we performed sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)to analyze the metaphase chromosomes of K.grandiglumis and E.breviaristatus root tips using the transposable elements(TEs)probe S5 and tandem repeat probe AAG.The results revealed that GISH signals can successfully distinguish the four subgenomes P,H,St,and Y,and that we were able to obtain details of the distribution of the S5 and AAG probes on the 21 pairs of chromosomes in the two grass species.In K.grandiglumis,S5 signals were primarily distributed in the terminal and subtelomeric regions,and were most frequently observed in the P subgenome.In contrast,AAG signals were mainly distributed in the pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions,with the fewest signals being detected in the intercalary regions,and were most frequently observed in the Y subgenome.In E.breviaristatus,S5 signals were found to be distributed in the terminal,subtelomeric,pericentromeric,and intercalary regions,with signals being detected more frequently in the H subgenome than in the St or Y subgenomes.AAG signals were detected in the pericentromeric,intercalary,and subtelomeric regions,with signals being least abundant in the St subgenome.Our determination of the chromosome signaling characteristics of K.grandiglumis and E.breviaristatus at the subgenomic level will provide a basis for further evaluation and utilization of the germplasm resources of these two allohexaploid grasses.

关 键 词：禾草 转座子探针 串联重复探针 异源六倍体 基因组原位杂交 亚基因组 沙生植物 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]