施氮量对饲用燕麦生物量累积和氮素吸收的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rates on the biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake of oat

作　　者：单新河 张运龙 王显国 孙洪仁 吴吉馯 薛浩杰 SHAN Xinhe;ZHANG Yunlong;WANG Xianguo;SUN Hongren;WU Jihan;XUE Haojie(College of Grassland Science and Technology of China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学西校区草业科学与技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《草业科学》2025年第2期411-419,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：为探究施氮量对科尔沁沙地燕麦(Avena sativa)生物量累积和氮素吸收的影响,以‘贝勒2号’燕麦为供试材料,设置4个施氮梯度,施氮量分别为0(N_(0))、45.6(N_(1))、91(N_(2))和137 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(3)),测定燕麦全生育时期株高、地上生物量和氮素含量,计算氮素吸收量和氮素利用率,综合评估氮肥的影响。结果表明:1)燕麦开花期,与N_(0)相比,施用氮肥显著提高燕麦株高10.83%~10.92%(P<0.05);燕麦完熟期,与N_(0)相比,施用氮肥显著提高燕麦株高5.37%~8.53%(P<0.05)。2)燕麦抽穗期到完熟期,生物量对氮肥响应与施用量有关,N_(1)较N_(0)未改变生物量,N_(2)和N_(3)较N_(0)显著增加生物量26.60%~48.33%(抽穗期除外),且N_(2)和N_(3)间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)燕麦孕穗期到完熟期,施氮显著提高燕麦氮素吸收量;燕麦整个生育时期,各施氮处理生物量累积量和氮素吸收量累积均呈增加趋势;N_(2)处理燕麦氮素吸收量累积和累积速率高于N_(3)处理。4)随施氮量的增加,燕麦各生育时期氮素农学利用效率和偏生产力均降低。综上,在科尔沁沙地,与45.6和137 kg·hm^(-2)相比,91 kg·hm^(-2)是当地燕麦生产适宜施氮量。该研究可为燕麦生产力提升及氮素营养高效利用提供参考。In this study,we examined the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake of oats(Avena sativa)‘Baylor 2’in the Horqin Sandy Land,based on the application of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer,namely,0(N_(0)),45.6(N_(1)),91(N_(2)),and 137(N_(3))kg·ha^(−1).The plant height,aboveground biomass,and nitrogen concentrations of oat grass was measured during the entire growth period,and the uptake of nitrogen was calculated.The results revealed that during the flowering stage of oats,compared with no nitrogen application,nitrogen fertilization significantly increased plant height by 10.83%to 10.92%(P<0.05),and during the ripening stage,increased plant height by 5.37%to 8.53%(P<0.05).From the heading to ripening stage,the response of biomass to nitrogen fertilizer was found to be dependent on the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied.Compared with the N_(0) treatment,whereas we detected no significant increase in biomass in response to the application of 45.6 kg·ha^(−1)(N_(1))nitrogen fertilizer,the N_(2) and N_(3) treatments significantly increased the biomass by 26.60%~48.33%(with the exception of the heading stage),with no significant difference between the effect of these two treatments.Additionally,we found that from the booting to the ripening stage,the application of nitrogen significantly increased the nitrogen uptake of oats.During the course of the entire growth period,we observed a progressive increase in the biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake of oats with incremental increases in the amounts of applied nitrogen,which peaked in response to the N_(2) treatment,at which the accumulation and accumulation rate of oat nitrogen uptake were higher than those obtained with the N_(3) treatment.In contrast,with an increase in the rate of nitrogen application,reductions in the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of oats were observed at each growth stage.In summary,compared with application rates of 45.6 and 137 kg·ha^(−1),a

关 键 词：燕麦种植 氮添加 生产力 养分吸收量 氮素利用率 生育期 科尔沁沙地 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学]