西北地区土地生态适宜性评价与牧草适应性研究  

Study on the coupling of land ecological suitability and forage grass distribution in northwest China

作　　者：张绚 马燕燕 王芳 郭志辉 张莫涵 ZHANG Xuan;MA Yanyan;WANG Fang;GUO Zhihui;ZHANG Mohan(Lanzhou Urban Construction Design and Research Institute LTD,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州城市建设设计研究院有限公司,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《草业科学》2025年第2期455-466,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：兰州市青年专家专项。

摘　　要：在国土空间开发保护的大背景下,对西北地区进行生态适宜性评价,对该区的生态环境保护、草地资源的合理利用以及可持续生态建设具有重要意义。本研究综合自然、生态与社会多维度数据,运用土地利用/覆被(LULC)转移矩阵、形态空间格局分析、景观连通性、最小累积阻力模型以及地理信息系统空间分析技术,深入分析我国西北地区土地利用变化(LUCC)特征和土地生态适宜性,并探究适宜生态保护区域与主要牧草分布的耦合关系。结果表明:1)2001-2020年西北地区LULC类型主要以草地与未利用地为主,LUCC总体呈现“草地大量减少,林地和建设用地大量增加”的变化趋势。2)建设用地与生态用地最小累积阻力的高值区分别分布在青海南部、新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠。3)西北地区生态适宜性分区包括禁止开发区、限制开发区、优化开发区和重点开发区4类,面积占比分别为29.96%、39.95%、23.67%和6.42%。适宜生态保护区域以研究区南部重要生态功能区为核心向周边集聚分布,而适宜建设开发区域自西北向东南沿乌鲁木齐都市圈-兰西城市群-关中平原城市群一带呈明显的中心外围分布。4)莎草科牧草对西北地区湿地和高寒生态系统具有很强适应能力,在禁止开发区中占据主导地位,并在该区生态平衡和生物多样性保护中发挥着关键作用;禾本科牧草主要分布在限制开发区,其对该区水源涵养、荒漠化防治及畜牧业发展具有显著积极影响。In the context of territorial spatial development and protection,evaluating the ecological suitability of the northwest China region is crucial for ecological environment protection,rational utilization of grassland resources,and sustainable ecological construction of the region.This paper synthesizes natural,ecological,and social data,employing land use/land cover(LULC)transfer matrix,morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),landscape connectivity,minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model,and geographic information system(GIS)spatial analysis technology to study the characteristics of land use and cover change(LUCC)and land ecological suitability of the northwest region of China,and explore the coupling relationship between suitable ecological protection areas and the distribution of major forage grasses.The results showed as follows:1)From 2001 to 2020,the LULC types in northwest China were mainly grassland and unused land.Overall,LUCC showed a trend of“large increase of forest land and construction land,and large decrease of grassland”.2)The high values of the minimum cumulative resistance of construction land and ecological land are distributed in the southern part of Qinghai and the Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang,respectively.3)In northwest China,the zoning of land ecological suitability includes four categories:prohibited development zone,restricted development zone,optimized development zone and key development zone,with area ratios of 29.96%,39.95%,23.67%,and 6.42%,respectively.The suitable area for ecological protection mainly takes the important ecological function areas in the southern part of the study area as the core,and distributes to the surrounding areas.However,the suitable area for construction development shows an obvious central and peripheral distribution pattern from northwest to southeast along the Urumqi city circle-Lanxi urban agglomeration-Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration.4)Cyperaceae forage exhibits strong adaptability to wetlands and alpine ecosystems in the northwest region.I

关 键 词：土地生态适宜性 最小累积阻力模型 形态学空间格局分析 地理信息系统 西北地区 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]