高重力坝表孔堰面曲线优化数值模拟研究  

Simulation optimization of weir surface curve for the spillway surface opening in high gravity dams

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作  者:缑文娟[1] 王天源 刘东明 宋嘉婕 GOU Wenjuan;WANG Tianyuan;LIU Dongming;SONG Jiajie(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区:[1]天津大学水利智能建设与运维全国重点实验室,天津300072

出  处:《水资源与水工程学报》2025年第1期138-145,162,共9页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基  金:国家自然科学基金项目(52379077)。

摘  要:高重力坝溢流表孔的堰面曲线是影响下泄水流水力特性及泄流结构稳定性的重要因素之一。某溢流表孔原体型泄洪时,由于堰面曲线偏陡,导致堰面存在局部负压。为避免空化空蚀发生,建立了高重力坝溢流表孔的三维数值模型,采用RNG k-ε模型模拟紊流,通过VOF方法追踪自由液面。对高重力坝表孔泄洪进行了数值模拟,并与水工模型试验数据进行对比,验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。进一步拟定了3种WES曲线方程的优化方案,研究不同优化方案对表孔堰面负压的影响。研究结果表明:随着堰面曲线变缓,堰面的负压区长度和负压值均减小,方案1的负压最小,虽泄流能力稍有降低,但均满足设计要求;而且,随着堰面变缓,曲线段流线更加平缓,相同断面处流速减小,临底流速梯度也随之减小,在相同水深处,掺气浓度增大。因此,选取方案1为最终优化体型。The weir surface curve of the spillway surface opening in high gravity dams is one of the important factors affecting the hydraulic characteristics of the discharged water and the stability of the spillway structure.Due to the steep weir surface curve,local negative pressure accumulates on the weir surface during the prototype flood discharge of the spillway surface opening.To avoid cavitation and erosion,a three-dimensional numerical model of the spillway surface opening of a high gravity dam was established for the optimization of weir surface curve.The RNG k-εmodel was used to simulate turbulence,and the volume of fluid(VOF)method was adopted to track the free surface.The flood discharge of the spillway surface opening in a high gravity dam was simulated and the results were compared with that of the hydraulic model test,which demonstrated the accuracy of the simulation.Three optimization schemes of the WES curve equation were further proposed to study the influence of different schemes on the negative pressure of the spillway surface opening.The research results show that the length and value of the negative pressure on the weir surface bottom plate both decrease,as the weir surface curve becomes gentler.Scheme 1 has the smallest negative pressure,although the discharge capacity slightly decreases,it still meets the design requirements.Moreover,as the weir surface becomes gentler,the flow lines in the curve section become smoother,the flow velocity at the same section decreases,so does the bottom flow velocity gradient.At the same water depth,the entrained air concentration increases.Therefore,scheme 1 is selected as the final optimized shape.

关 键 词:高重力坝 堰面曲线 水力特性 体型优化 数值模拟 

分 类 号:TV652[水利工程—水利水电工程]

 

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