生物酶用于河湖底泥脱水减量调理的对比研究  

Comparative study on the application of biological enzymes to river and lake sediment dewatering

作　　者：原媛 刘丝丝 崔勇涛 赖智龙 廖德祥 YUAN Yuan;LIU Sisi;CUI Yongtao;LAI Zhilong;LIAO Dexiang(College of Ocean Science and Engineering,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;CCCC Shanghai Waterway Survey,Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200120,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学海洋科学与工程学院,上海201306 [2]中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司,上海200120

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2025年第1期154-162,共9页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司科技项目(H20240163)。

摘　　要：针对河湖底泥的脱水减量处理问题,分别采用常见的溶菌酶、α-淀粉酶及中性蛋白酶进行调理,考察了生物酶掺量、泥浆浓度和调理时间对底泥脱水性能的影响。通过测定抽滤后泥饼含水率、污泥比阻比较分析经生物酶调理后河湖底泥的脱水减量效果。结果表明:所选取的3种酶均能有效提高河湖底泥的脱水性能,其调理效果排序为α-淀粉酶>中性蛋白酶>溶菌酶;特别是当α-淀粉酶掺量为2 mg/g、泥浆浓度为11%且调理时间为0.5 h时,河湖底泥的含水率降低了31.72%,对应污泥比阻值降低了1.67×10^(11)cm/g;扫描电子显微镜观察泥饼的微观结构发现,经酶调理后底泥颗粒粒径变小、粒间孔隙增大且增多,从而使得泥浆中的过水通道显著增多,进而提高了底泥的脱水性能。To address the problem of dewatering treatment of river and lake sediment,biological enzymes such as common lysozyme,α-amylase and neutral protease were used for conditioning.Correspondingly,the influence of biological enzyme content,mud concentration,and conditioning time on the dewatering performance of sediment were investigated.Furthermore,the moisture content of the mud cake and the specific resistance of the sludge after biological enzyme treatment were measured to investigate the dewatering effects of river and lake sediment.The results showed that the three selected enzymes could effectively improve the dewatering performance of river and lake sediment,and their conditioning effects were in the order ofα-amylase>neutral protease>lysozyme.Notably,when theα-amylase content was 2 mg/g,the mud concentration was 11%and the conditioning time was 0.5 h,the moisture content of the sediment was reduced by 31.72%,and the corresponding specific resistance was reduced by 167×109 cm/g.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)results showed that after the treatment the particle size of the sediment became smaller and the intergranular pores increased by size and number,which in turn significantly increased the water passages in the mud,thereby improving the dewatering performance of the sediment.

关 键 词：生物酶 脱水减量 含水率 污泥比阻 河湖底泥 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]