2020-2022年社区获得性感染病原学特点及危险因素分析  

Etiological characteristics and risk factors of community-acquired infections in 2020-2022

作　　者：赵文江 马臻[1] ZHAO Wenjiang;MA Zhen(Department of Infectious Diseases,Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学附属医院感染性疾病科,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2025年第2期70-73,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2022年度内蒙古自治区卫生健康科技计划项目(B类)(202202176)。

摘　　要：目的研究旨在分析2020-2022年内蒙古医科大学附属医院门急诊收治的社区获得性感染病原学的特征及其危险因素。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月该院门急诊收治社区获得性感染患者送检的17423例病原菌标本,详细记录感染部位等信息并分析病原学特征和影响因素。结果送检的标本主要包括血液、痰液和尿液,共检出6613例非重复病原菌株,检出率为37.95%。大肠埃希菌(19.16%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(9.56%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(7.38%)、白念珠菌(7.35%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(6.77%)为检出率前五位的病原菌,其中大肠埃希菌的检出率呈逐年下降趋势(趋势x^(2)=13.051,P=0.001),而鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率则呈逐年上升趋势(趋势x^(2)=24.392,P<0.001)。多变量logistic回归分析显示年龄≥60岁、合并基础疾病、1月内合并有创诊疗操作、1月内合并皮肤损伤、3月内合并血液透析史、3月内抗菌药物应用史为发生社区获得性感染的独立危险因素。结论2020-2022年社区获得性感染的主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌。鉴于病原菌种类和感染风险因素的特定分布,临床医师应针对相关危险因素实施更为有针对性的预防和控制措施。Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics and risk factors of community-acquired infectious pathogens in our hospital′s outpatient and emergency department from 2020 to 2022,in order to develop targeted prevention and control measures.Methods A retrospective analysis of 17423 pathogen specimens from patients with community-acquired infections admitted to the outpatient and emergency departments of our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 was conducted.Detailed information about the infection site was recorded,and the etiological characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed.Results From 2020 to 2022,the specimens sent for inspection in our hospital mainly included blood,sputum and urine,with a total of 6613 non-duplicate pathogenic strains detected,yielding a detection rate of 37.95%.The top five detected pathogenic organisms were Escherichia Coli(19.16%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(9.56%),Acinetobacter baumannii(7.38%),Candida albicans(7.35%),and Staphylococcus aureus(6.77%).Among them,the detection rate of Escherichia coli showed a decreasing trend year by year(x^(2)=13.051,P=0.001),while the detection rate of Acinetobacter baumannii showed an increasing trend year by year(x^(2)=24.392,P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years,presence of underlying diseases,invasive medical procedures within 1 month,skin injuries within 1 month,history of hemodialysis within 3 months,and History of antibiotic use within 3 months were independent risk factors for community-acquired infections in our hospital.Conclusion From 2020 to 2022,the main pathogens causing community-acquired infections in our hospital were Gram-negative bacteria.In view of the specific distribution of pathogenic species and infection risk factors,clinicians should implement more targeted prevention and control measures against relevant risk factors.

关 键 词：社区获得性感染 病原学特点 危险因素 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]