温州地区乙肝暴露儿童流行病学调查及随访分析  

Epidemiological investigation and post-natal follow-up analysis of hepatitis B exposed children in Wenzhou area

作　　者：潘璐璐 孙建乐 徐倩 王恩妹 PAN Lulu;SUN Jianle;XU Qian;WANG Enmei(Department of Children Health,Women and Children Health Guidance Center of Wenzhou,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China)

机构地区：[1]温州市人民医院(温州市妇幼保健院)儿保科,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2025年第2期131-134,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：温州市科技局基础性医疗卫生科技项目(Y2020560)。

摘　　要：目的分析温州地区乙肝暴露儿童流行病学情况,追踪母婴阻断效果,随访一年内生长发育情况,以期完善乙肝母婴传播防治网络。方法收集2021年温州地区乙肝病毒感染孕妇分娩的活产儿(即乙肝暴露儿童),调查孕期及儿童出生情况,随访儿童乙肝感染、一年内生长发育及神经心理发育情况,通过SPSS 26.0进行数据统计学分析。结果温州地区2021年出生新生儿中乙肝暴露占比6.07%,其中高暴露儿童占28.37%。男、女童患病率分别为6.42%、5.70%,差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=13.74,P<0.001)。山区县、非山区县患病率分别为6.35%、5.94%,差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=5.72,P<0.001)。2021年乙肝暴露儿童母婴传播率0.54‰。乙肝暴露儿童出生后一年内的身高、体重、血红蛋白及神经心理发育情况与同期出生同性别儿童差异均无统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论温州地区山区县的乙肝暴露儿童明显多于非山区县,男性明显多于女性,高暴露儿童占比较高。温州地区母婴阻断效果理想,随访乙肝暴露儿童生长发育与正常儿童并无显著差异。Objective To investigate the situation of hepatitis B immune blocking and the growth and development of hepatitis B exposed children within one year after birth,and to provide evidence for formulating and optimizing measures for maternal and infant blocking in Wenzhou.Methods The hepatitis B infection status during pregnancy and birth was collected,hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccine were analyzed,and a follow-up on the immune blocking effect,growth and development,and the nutritional status of children exposed to hepatitis B was conducted.Statistical analysis of data was carried out through SPSS 26.0.Results In 2021,6.07%of newborns in Wenzhou were exposed to hepatitis B,of which 28.37%were highly exposed children.The prevalence rates for males and females were 6.42%and 5.70%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x^(2)=13.744,P<0.001).The prevalence rates in mountainous and non-mountainous counties were 6.35%and 5.94%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x^(2)=5.72,P<0.001).In 2021,the mother-to-child transmission rate of children exposed to hepatitis B was 0.54‰.There were no significant differences in the height,weight,hemoglobin and neuropsychological development of hepatitis B exposed children compared with non-exposed children(P<0.001).Conclusion The number of children exposed to hepatitis B in mountainous counties is significantly higher than that in non-mountainous counties in Wenzhou,and the number of men is significantly higher than that of women.The proportion of highly exposed children is relatively high.The effect of mother-to-child blocking is good,and there is no significant difference between the growth and development of children exposed to hepatitis B and no-exposed children during follow-up.

关 键 词：乙肝 母婴传播 流行病学 阻断 随访 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]