板栗‘燕山早丰’♀ב王钱大栗’♂适宜授粉时间的筛选  

Study on suitable pollination time screening of‘Yanshanzaofeng’♀בWangqiandali’♂

作　　者：刘淑玟 郭素娟[2] LIU Shuwen;GUO Sujuan(Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第1期102-111,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2200400);林业和草原科技成果国家级推广项目(2020133118)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明板栗‘燕山早丰’♀ב王钱大栗’♂杂交组合中母本柱头可授性和父本花粉活力的日变化规律,筛选其最适授粉时间,为实现板栗高效杂交育种提供理论依据。【方法】以河北省迁西县主栽板栗品种‘燕山早丰’为母本,选择与其花期相遇且具有多粒性状的‘王钱大栗’为父本,于盛花期单日8:00—18:00每隔2 h进行人工杂交授粉试验,授粉前分别采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法和醋酸洋红染色法检测‘燕山早丰’柱头可授性与‘王钱大栗’花粉活力,授粉后第15天对单日不同时段授粉的‘燕山早丰’花柱内花粉管的生长情况进行荧光显微观察,于第30天采用石蜡切片法观察其胚珠的发育情况,并结合结实率等指标,探究‘燕山早丰’♀ב王钱大栗’♂最适杂交授粉时间。【结果】1)盛花期单日内10:00—12:00‘燕山早丰’柱头可授性最强;‘王钱大栗’花粉活力于单日8:00—18:00不同时段呈现出上升—下降—上升—下降的变化趋势,以10:00—12:00时段的花粉活力最高,达到了87.26%;2)与其他授粉时段相比,10:00—12:00时段授粉后‘燕山早丰’柱头内花粉管生长较快,第15天可在花柱基部观察到花粉管;第30天子房横径、纵径、鲜质量最大,分别达到了8.87 mm、7.40 mm、0.23 g,平均高于其他时段的9.32%、5.62%、16.16%;发育胚珠占比最高,为4.80%,平均高于其他时段的18.11%;3)不同时间授粉后‘燕山早丰’结实率平均为69.16%,其中10:00—12:00时段的结实率最高,达到了80.36%。【结论】在迁西地区,‘燕山早丰’♀ב王钱大栗’♂的最适杂交授粉时间为父母本盛花中期(柱头出齐约呈45°后3~5 d),单日内应避开高温时段,以10:00—12:00时段为宜。【Objective】To investigate the stigma receptivity of the female parent and the pollen viability of the male parent in the hybrid combination of‘Yanshanzaofeng’♀בWangqiandali’♂,and to screen the optimal pollination time,so as to provide a theoretical basis for efficient hybrid breeding.【Method】The main chestnut variety‘Yanshanzaofeng’in Qianxi County,Hebei Province was selected as female parent,while the multi-grain trait‘Wangqiandali’was selected as male parent.The artificial cross-pollination test was carried out every 2 hours from 8:00 to 18:00 during the full flowering period.Before the pollination,benzidine hydrogen peroxide method and acetic acid magenta staining method were used to detect the stigma receptivity of‘Yanshanzaofeng’and the pollen viability of‘Wangqiandali’.On the 15th day after pollination,fluorescence microscopy was performed to observe the growth of pollen tubes in the style of‘Yanshanzaofeng’at different pollination times.On the 30th day,paraffin sectioning was used to observe the development of its ovules,and combined with indicators such as fruiting rate,the study explored the optimal time for hybrid pollination of‘Yanshanzaofeng’♀בWangqiandali’♂.【Result】1)The stigma receptivity of‘Yanshanzaofeng’was strongest in the flowering period from 10:00 to 12:00,and the pollen viability of‘Wangqiandali’showed an upward and downward trend in different times from 8:00 to 18:00,while the pollen viability was highest from 10:00 to 12:00,reached 87.26%;2)Compared with other pollination times,the pollen tubes in the stigma of‘Yanshanzaofeng’grew faster which pollinated from 10:00 to 12:00,and could be observed at the base of the style on the 15th day;on the 30th day,the transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,and fresh weight of the ovary were max,reached 8.87 mm,7.40 mm,and 0.23 g respectively,with an average of 9.32%,5.62%,and 16.16%higher than other pollinated times;the proportion of developing ovules was highest,at 4.80%,which

关 键 词：板栗 授粉时间 柱头可授性 联苯胺-过氧化氢 花粉活力 

分 类 号：S759.3[农业科学—森林经理学]