地表火行为对其排放PM_(2.5)中水溶性阴离子的影响  

Effects of surface fire behavior on its emission of water-soluble anions in PM_(2.5)

作　　者：张晴 杨光[1] 李兆国 王欣宇[1] 耿道通 王立轩 宁吉彬 ZHANG Qing;YANG Guang;LI Zhaoguo;WANG Xinyu;GENG Daotong;WANG Lixuan;NING Jibin(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第1期122-129,共8页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32371881);国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20230398)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究森林火灾对PM_(2.5)排放机制的影响,为开展区域森林火灾PM_(2.5)排放研究及森林火灾PM_(2.5)排放造成的大气环境安全问题提供基础数据和理论支撑,以期提高对森林火灾PM_(2.5)排放的生态环境效应认识。【方法】以红松人工林地表可燃物为试验材料,通过预设试验条件、气象因素的模拟燃烧试验,测定火焰长度、火焰高度、火焰深度、燃烧效率等火行为特征,采用单因素方差分析、多因素方差分析、Spearman相关分析、冗余分析(db-RDA)等方法分析火行为特征(火焰长度、火焰高度、火焰深度、燃烧效率)、预设试验条件及气象因素对PM_(2.5)中水溶性阴离子的影响。【结果】可燃物载量极显著影响F^(-)、Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)含量,显著影响SO_(4)^(2-)含量;可燃物含水率极显著影响NO_(3)^(-)含量,显著影响Cl^(-)含量,对F^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)含量无显著影响;坡度极显著影响F^(-)含量,显著影响Cl^(-)含量,对NO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)含量均未产生显著影响。除相对湿度外,其余变量均与F^(-)、Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)含量呈正相关;床层厚度、火焰长度、火焰高度与NO_(3)^(-)含量和Cl^(-)含量均呈显著正相关,SO_(4)^(2-)含量与火焰长度、火焰高度均呈正相关,而燃烧效率对F^(-)、Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)含量的影响相对较小。进一步进行dbRDA分析发现,对F^(-)、Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)含量影响最为显著的火行为特征是火焰高度。【结论】火行为特征与PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子排放之间存在显著相关性,可燃物载量、可燃物含水率、坡度则能通过影响火行为间接对PM_(2.5)水溶性阴离子含量造成显著影响。【Objective】To explore the impact of forest fire on the emission mechanism of PM_(2.5),provide basic data and theoretical support for the study of PM_(2.5) emission from regional forest fire and the atmospheric environmental safety problems caused by PM_(2.5) emission from forest fire,so as to improve the understanding of the ecological and environmental effects of PM_(2.5) emission from forest fire.【Method】In this study,the fuel on the surface of Pinus koraiensis plantation were used as experimental materials,and simulated combustion experiments were carried out with different fuel load,fuel moisture content and slope preset conditions.The effects of fire behaviors and preset conditions on water-soluble anions in PM_(2.5) were analyzed by single factor analysis of variance,multivariate analysis of variance,correlation analysis and redundancy analysis(db-RDA).【Result】Fuel load significantly affects the contents of F^(-),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),and SO_(4)^(2-).The fuel moisture content significantly affects the content of NO_(3)^(-)and Cl^(-),but has no significant effect on the content of F^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-).Slope has a significant effect on F^(-)content and Cl^(-)content,but has no significant effect on NO_(3)^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-)content.Except humidity,other variables are positively correlated with the contents of F^(-),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),and SO_(4)^(2-).Fuel bed depth,flame length and flame height are positively correlated with NO_(3)^(-)content and Cl^(-)content,while SO_(4)^(2-)content is positively correlated with flame length and flame height,while combustion efficiency has relatively little influence on F^(-),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),and SO_(4)^(2-)content.Further db-RDA analysis shows that the fire behavior characteristic that has the most significant influence on the contents of F^(-),Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),and SO_(4)^(2-)is the flame height.【Conclusion】There is a significant correlation between the characteristics of fire behavior and the emission of water-soluble ions in forest fire PM_(2.5),fuel load,fuel

关 键 词：模拟燃烧试验 预设试验条件 火行为特征 PM_(2.5) 水溶性阴离子 

分 类 号：S762.8[农业科学—森林保护学]