用于核电余热高效回收的梯级相变填充床储热系统优化设计  

Optimization Design of a Cascaded Packed-Bed Latent Thermal Storage System for Efficient Waste Heat Recovery in Nuclear Power Plants

作　　者：李梦杰 要可盈 李明佳 刘占斌[1,2] LI Mengjie;YAO Keying;LI Mingjia;LIU Zhanbin(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]西安交通大学热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室,西安710049 [3]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2025年第3期46-56,共11页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52306273);中国科协第九届青年人才托举工程资助项目(2023QNRC001)。

摘　　要：针对铅铋堆核电系统在事故工况下余热管理的难题,提出了一种基于相变填充床储热技术(PLTES)的余热管理方法。通过建立受出口阈值温度约束的PLTES数值模型,分析了不同层级中相变材料(PCM)熔点与填充比例对单级与梯级PLTES系统热性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,在单级PLTES系统中,无论采用高熔点还是低熔点PCM,均难以充分发掘PCM的显热与潜热潜能,导致系统容量利用率的最高值ηma仅能达到74.17%。相比之下,采用梯级相变的PLTES系统的研究结果表明,通过在系统底层配置熔点低于红外探测阈值温度的PCM,并在顶层使用熔点高于放热出口阈值温度的PCM,可以在确保排放温度与环境温度相近的同时,显著提升系统的储能密度。通过精细调控顶层、中间层、底层PCM的无量纲熔点至0.480、0.260、0.012,并设定填充比例为0.52、0.44、0.04,优化后的梯级PLTES系统实现了高达97.9%的PCM固液相变参与率,并使得ηma达到了87.22%。该研究为相变填充床储热在核电余热高效回收领域的应用提供了参考。To address the challenge of waste heat management in lead-bismuth-cooled nuclear reactor systems during accident scenarios,a waste heat management method based on packed-bed latent thermal energy storage(PLTES)is proposed.By establishing a numerical model of PLTES constrained by an outlet threshold temperature,this paper analyzes the effects of phase-change materials(PCM)melting points and filling ratios on the thermal performance of single-stage and cascade PLTES systems.The research results show that in the single-stage PLTES system,regardless of the use of high or low melting point PCM,it is difficult to fully exploit the sensible and latent heat potential of PCM,resulting in a maximum system capacity utilization rateηma of only 74.17%.In contrast,the research on cascade PLTES systems indicates that by placing PCM with melting points below the infrared detection threshold temperature at the bottom of the system and using PCM with melting points higher than the heat release outlet threshold temperature at the top layer,it is possible to significantly increase the system’s energy storage density while ensuring that the emission temperature is close to the ambient temperature.Through precise adjustment of the melting points and filling ratios of PCM at each level,the optimized cascade PLTES system(with dimensionless melting points of top,middle,and bottom layer PCM being 0.480,0.260,0.012 respectively,and filling ratios of 0.52,0.44,0.04)achieves a PCM solid-liquid phase change participation rate of 97.9%andηma of 87.22%.This research provides reference for the application of packed bed thermal energy storage in the efficient recovery of waste heat in nuclear power plants.

关 键 词：填充床储热 铅铋堆核电系统 余热管理 梯级相变 容量利用率 

分 类 号：TK124[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]