液氢储罐真空多层绝热结构的连续变密度优化及性能分析  

Continuous Variable Density Optimization and Performance Analysis of Vacuum Multilayer Insulation Structure in Liquid Hydrogen Tanks

作　　者：李科[1] 谢昊琳 冯莉[2] 文键[1] LI Ke;XIE Haolin;FENG Li;WEN Jian(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Department of Clean Power Development Project,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710200,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,710049,西安 [2]中国石油天然气集团公司长庆油田分公司清洁电力开发项目部,710200,西安

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2025年第3期57-66,共10页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(22308273)。

摘　　要：为实现液氢储罐中真空多层绝热结构更优异的绝热性能,在以往三密度区或四密度区的基础上,提出了一种绝热结构逐层连续变密度优化方法,对其辐射屏层间距布置进行优化。确定了耦合蒸气冷却屏(VCS)和VCS内引入仲正转化后的最优层间距布置,分析了连续变密度优化对温度和热流密度分布的影响,并与采用分段变密度方法的结果进行了对比。结果表明:在绝热结构总厚度一定的情况下,优化后冷边界附近的屏间距显著增加,从而降低了冷边界附近的固体导热和热边界附近的辐射换热。对于仅耦合VCS的绝热结构,当VCS设置在第3层辐射屏时,优化效果最显著,最小热流密度从0.2492 W·m^(-2)降至0.2088 W·m^(-2),降幅达16.2%;优化后VCS最佳安装位置从第18层调整至第14层,相对位置从0.51移至0.56。当VCS内引入仲正转化时,VCS在第2层辐射屏时优化效果最为显著,热流密度较优化前降低了22.0%。研究了连续变密度优化方法对绝热性能的影响规律,为多层绝热结构的变密度优化设计提供支撑。To achieve superior insulation performance of the vacuum multilayer insulation structure in liquid hydrogen tanks,a continuous variable density optimization method is introduced.This method builds upon the existing three-density zones or four-density zones and focuses on refining the spacing arrangement between radiation shield layers.By determining the optimal layer spacing configuration that integrates the vapor-cooled shield(VCS)and incorporates para-ortho conversion within the VCS,this study analyzes the effects of continuous variable density optimization on temperature distribution and heat flux density.A comparative analysis is conducted against the segmented variable density method.The results show that with a constant total thickness of the insulation structure,the spacing between the layers near the cold boundary significantly increases after optimization,reducing solid conduction near the cold boundary and radiative heat transfer near the hot boundary.For the insulation structure coupled only with VCS,the optimization effect is most significant when VCS is placed at the 3rd radiation shield layer,reducing the minimum heat flux density from 0.2492 W·m^(-2) to 0.2088 W·m^(-2),a decrease of 16.2%.The optimal installation position of VCS shifts from the 18th layer to the 14th layer after optimization,with the relative position changing from 0.51 to 0.56.When para-ortho conversion is introduced within VCS,the optimization effect is most significant when VCS is placed at the 2nd radiation shield layer,reducing the heat flux density by 22.0% compared to before optimization.This study investigates the impact of continuous variable density optimization method on insulation performance,providing support for the design of variable density optimization for multilayer insulation structures.

关 键 词：绝热性能 多层绝热结构 蒸气冷却屏 仲正转化 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理]