花药绒毡层发育及调控的分子研究进展  

Advance in the anther tapetum development and their regulatory mechanisms

作　　者：苏振新 周鹊 楼悦 SU ZhenXi;ZHOU Que;LOU Yue(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences,College of Life Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学生命科学学院,上海市植物分子科学重点实验室,上海200234

出　　处：《中国科学:生命科学》2025年第2期206-225,共20页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金(批准号:32322011);上海市青年科技启明星计划(批准号:21QA1406900)资助。

摘　　要：植物雄性生殖发育过程中,花粉(雄配子体)形成是授粉受精、结实产果的基础.高等植物雄蕊中,花粉产生于花药.花药由多层细胞构成,绒毡层作为花药壁的最内层,直接为花粉形成提供必需的营养、原料和能量;反之,绒毡层发育受阻会导致花粉败育即为雄性不育表型.在农业生产上,雄性不育是重要的农艺性状,也是杂交制种的基础.因此,开展花药绒毡层发育及调控的分子机理研究,不仅拓展对植物雄性生殖发育领域的理解,同时为创制新型雄性不育系、提升中国农作物设计育种能力提供必要的理论依据.花药发育中,绒毡层细胞依次经历3个主要阶段:细胞形成、细胞特化和程序性死亡.结合近年来的研究进展,本文围绕绒毡层发育各阶段的关键生物学事件,重点介绍相关基因的生物学功能及分子通路,由此系统阐述绒毡层发育以及与花药各层协同互作等一系列生物学过程的分子基础.During the male reproductive development in plants,the pollen grains(male gametophytes)production is the basis for pollination,fertilization and seed setting.In the stamen of higher plants,the pollen grains are formed in anthers.The anthers consist of the multiple cell layers.The tapetum is the innermost layer of the anther walls,directly providing necessary nutrients,raw materials and energy for microspores and/or developing pollen grains.Conversely,the defective tapetum leads to the pollen abortion and male sterility.In agricultural production,the male sterility is an important agronomic trait,also the basis for hybrid breeding.Therefore,study the molecular mechanisms of tapetum development not only expand the understanding of male reproductive development in plants,but also provide the theory for guiding the new genetic resources creation and improving the crop breeding design capacity.During the anther development,the tapetal cells undergo three main stages:cell identify,cell re-differentiation and programmed cell death.Combining with the recent researches,in this review,we focus on the key biological events,introduce the gene functions and molecular pathways involved in the tapetal developmental stages,systematic elaborating the molecular basis underlying the tapetum development associated with other anther walls coordination.

关 键 词：绒毡层 细胞形成 细胞特化 花粉壁建成 花药壁 雄性不育 

分 类 号：Q944.4[生物学—植物学]