古菌功能演化与真核生物起源  

Archaea functional evolution and eukaryogenesis

作　　者：卢中一 东秀珠[2] 申玉龙[3] 曾芝瑞 荆新云 周瑾洁 邹大雨 戴欣[2] 李之萌 郑小伟 祁磊 宋宁 黄奇洪 李洁[2] 郑峰峰 杨威 李凌燕[2] 佘群新[3] 黄力[2] 赵国屏 李猛 LU ZhongYi;DONG XiuZhu;SHEN YuLong;ZENG ZhiRui;JING XinYun;ZHOU JinJie;ZOU DaYu;Dai Xin;LI ZhiMeng;ZHENG XiaoWei;QI Lei;SONG Ning;HUANG QiHong;LI Jie;ZHENG FengFeng;YANG Wei;LI LingYan;SHE QunXin;HUANG Li;ZHAO GuoPing;LI Meng(Institute for Advanced Study,Archaeal Biology Centre,Synthetic Biology Research Center,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering,Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology,Microbial Technology Institute,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;Ocean Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science,Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学高等研究院,深圳大学古菌生物学研究中心,深圳大学合成生物学研究中心,深圳市海洋微生物组工程重点实验室,广东省海洋微生物组工程高校重点实验室,深圳518060 [2]中国科学院微生物研究所,微生物资源前期开发国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]山东大学生命科学与技术学院,微生物技术国家重点实验室,青岛266237 [4]南方科技大学海洋科学与工程系,深圳518055 [5]中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海200032

出　　处：《中国科学:生命科学》2025年第2期297-312,共16页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号32393970,32393973,32225003,92251306,32370004);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(批准号2023A1515011309);广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2023B0303000017)资助。

摘　　要：真核生物起源是地球生命的重要演化跃迁事件之一,是生命科学领域亟待解答的重大基础科学问题.物种系统发育关系分析表明,真核生物相对于细菌与古菌具有更近缘的关系,且二者使用同源的遗传信息传递系统,提示真核生物可能起源自古菌.近年来,古菌新类群的发现为揭示古菌向真核生物功能演化的过程提供了重要科学依据.本文将从古菌的物种和代谢多样性、遗传信息传递系统、类真核生物内膜系统分子机器和细胞膜脂组成四个方面,综述古菌功能演化研究的前沿进展,试图解答真核生物起源的问题,并展望该领域的研究对生物学发展的启发.The origin of eukaryotes represents a pivotal evolutionary milestone in Earth’s history and stands as one of the most profound mysteries in biological sciences.Phylogenetic analyses indicate a closer kinship between eukaryotes and archaea than with bacteria,suggesting a likely archaeal origin for eukaryotes.This archaea-eukaryote affinity is also underscored by shared similar genetic information transfer systems.Recent discoveries of novel archaeal lineages have shed significant light on the functional evolution that may have bridged archaea to eukaryotes.This review synthesizes the latest advancements in our understanding of archaeal functional evolution from four critical perspectives:the diversity and metabolic mechanisms of archaea,the genetic information transfer system,the eukaryotic-like intracellular membrane machinery,and the composition of cellular membrane lipids.Our aim is to elucidate the origins of eukaryotes and to explore the implications of this research for the advancement of biological sciences.

关 键 词：古菌 古菌功能基因及蛋白 功能演化 古菌多样性 真核生物起源 

分 类 号：Q931[生物学—微生物学]