大航海时代的回音:16世纪葡萄牙传教士中国叙事中的历史话语体系重构  

Echoes of the age of exploration:Reconstructing the historical discourse system in the sixteenth-century Portuguese missionary writing on China

作　　者：高博[1] GAO Bo(School of Foreign Languages,Peking University,Beijing 100871,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学

出　　处：《外国语言文学》2025年第1期97-109,135,136,共15页Foreign Language and Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“16世纪欧洲视域下的《中华大帝国史》与中国形象研究”(19BWW012)。

摘　　要：本文通过对克路士的《中国志》与伯来拉的《中国报道》进行比较分析,探讨了克路士对中国形象的重构问题,以及这一形象在16世纪欧洲视域下的生成和接受过程。本文对学界普遍认定的克路士全面认可并赞美中国的观点提出了质疑。事实上,他在物质文明和社会制度方面对中国给予了肯定,但在精神信仰方面则持批评态度,最终塑造了一个物质丰饶、制度先进且亟待精神救赎的,以及具有皈依潜质的他者之中国形象。这种他者之中国形象的塑造与彼时欧洲的历史语境紧密相关,这是反宗教改革运动背景下欧洲向东方宣教意图的文本化再现,也是16世纪国际关系史进程和天主教东方传教史的历史折射,同时还是深陷多重危机下欧洲人对理想社会的一种隐喻性表达。This study comparatively analyses the sixteenth-century Portuguese missionaries Cruz and Pereira’s China Reports.It aims to show how Cruz reconstructed the image of China based on earlier works,and how this new image of China emerged and was accepted from a European perspective.The study reveals that,contrary to what has been widely claimed by scholars,Cruz’s writings don't fully endorse and praise China. While recognising China’s material civilisation and social system, his criticism of its religious beliefs is striking. He portrays China as a nation with abundant material wealth and advanced institutions, but in urgent need of spiritual salvation and conversion. This image of China is closely linked to the European historical context of the Counter-Reformation. Cruz’s view of China can be seen as a historical reflection of this process and a metaphorical expression of the ideal society of the Europeans in the midst of multiple crises at the time. It is also a historical refraction of the history of international relations in the 16th century and the history of Catholic missionary work in the East.

关 键 词：跨文化形象学 中国形象 反宗教改革 中葡关系 明清中西关系史 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]