废铅膏电沉积回收铅技术研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospect on electrowinning recovery of lead from spent lead paste

作　　者：李名扬 梁江北 梁莎[2] 谢卫民 杨家宽[2] LI Mingyang;LIANG Jiangbei;LIANG Sha;XIE Weimin;YANG Jiakuan(Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center,Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Administration,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Wuhan 430010,Hubei,China;School of Environmental Science&Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部长江流域生态环境监督管理局生态环境监测与科学研究中心,湖北武汉430010 [2]华中科技大学环境科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《化工进展》2025年第2期1042-1052,共11页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52100153)。

摘　　要：废铅酸蓄电池铅膏是再生铅的重要来源,传统火法冶炼工艺产生铅尘、二氧化硫及冶炼铅渣,存在一定的环境风险,因此湿法工艺成为了研究的热点。本文聚焦废铅膏湿法回收铅工艺中的电沉积工艺,对酸浸出-电沉积、碱浸出-电沉积、其他溶剂浸出-电沉积、固相电解等工艺进行了综述,对各工艺的原理、过程、技术参数进行了详细分析。此外,本文对当前研究的电沉积回收铅工艺的关键技术点,如废铅膏预处理方式、浸出/电解液体系、阳极副产物、电流效率及电解能耗、产物纯度及形貌调控等进行了总结。同时,本文对电沉积工艺的前景进行了展望,认为浸出/电解液体系绿色环保、工艺流程短、电解能耗低、电解液可以循环利用,是废铅膏电沉积回收铅工艺未来关注和研究的重点。Spent lead-acid battery paste is an important source of secondly lead.Traditional pyrometallurgical process produces lead dust,sulfur dioxide,and smelting lead slag,which brings environmental risk.Therefore,hydrometallurgical process for lead recovery has become a hot research field.Electrowinning process for lead recovery from spent lead paste was reviewed in this paper,including acid leaching-electrodeposition,alkali leaching-electrodeposition,other solvent leaching-electrodeposition,solid-phase electrolysis.The principles,processes,and technical parameters of these processes were discussed in detail.In addition,the key technical parameters of the electrodeposition processes of the current research,such as pretreatment method for spent lead paste,electrolyte,anode by-product,current efficiency,energy consumption,product purity,and morphology regulation etc.,were summarized.At the same time,prospects of the electrodeposition technology were provided.The green and environmentally friendly leaching solution or electrolyte,short process flow,low energy consumption,and electrolyte recycling for lead recovery by electrodeposition processes should be focused in the future research.

关 键 词：废铅膏 电沉积 回收铅 电解液 绿色环保 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]