HF体系中AlF_(3)杂质的溶解度与纯化机理  

Solubility and purification mechanism of AlF_(3)impurities in the HF system

作　　者：申耀宗 郭培民[1,2] 王磊 孔令兵[1,2] 郭庆 谢奕斌 SHEN Yaozong;GUO Peimin;WANG Lei;KONG Lingbing;GUO Qing;XIE Yibin(The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Iron and Steel Processes and Products,Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;CISRI Sun Ward Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;China Minmetals Beryllium Co.,Ltd.,Hengyang 421513,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]钢铁研究总院有限公司先进钢铁流程及材料国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]钢研晟华科技股份有限公司,北京100081 [3]五矿铍业股份有限公司,湖南衡阳421513

出　　处：《化工进展》2025年第2期1157-1162,共6页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2902302,2021YFC2902301)。

摘　　要：为了解决现代铍冶金工艺中铍纯度低、铍收得率低以及危废渣量大等难题,本文聚焦铍冶金基础理论,提出了低温解离铍矿+物理纯化含铍化合物的提铍新方法。针对铍矿中含铝氟化物的除杂过程,在HF体系背景下,研究了AlF_(3)杂质的溶解度规律和纯化机理,从溶解度实验结果来看,AlF_(3)直接解离出来的Al^(3+)浓度和F^(-)浓度是很低的,在10^(-5)级别,难以形成AlF_(6)^(3-)配合物,所以在H_(2)O体系中AlF_(3)的溶解度要低于在HF体系中的溶解度,而在HF^(-)H_(2)O-AlF_(3)体系下,会形成F的配位离子,使原本不溶的AlF_(3)反而有了一定的溶解度。以此为基础,采用低温煅烧的方式破坏H_(3)AlF_(6)结构,将H_(3)AlF_(6)分解成AlF_(3),避免了H_(3)AlF_(6)对AlF_(3)溶解度产生的影响,从而解决了杂质的分离难题。In order to solve the problems of low beryllium purity,low beryllium yield and large amount of hazardous waste residue in the modern beryllium metallurgy process,the team focused on the basic theories of beryllium metallurgy and proposed a new beryllium extraction method of low-temperature dissociation of beryllium ores plus physical purification of beryllium-containing compounds.For the decontamination process of aluminum-containing fluorides in beryllium ores,the solubility law and purification mechanism of AlF_(3)impurities were investigated in the context of the HF system.From the results of the solubility experiments,the concentration of Al^(3+)and the concentration of F^(-)from the direct dissociation of AlF_(3)were very low,at the level of 10^(-5),and it was difficult to form the AlF_(6)^(3-)complex.Therefore,the solubility of AlF_(3)in the H_(2)O system was lower than that in the HF system,while under the HF^(-)H_(2)O-AlF_(3)system,the ligand ion of F would be formed so that the originally insoluble AlF_(3)had certain solubility instead.Based on this,low-temperature calcination was used to destroy the structure of H_(3)AlF_(6)and decompose H_(3)AlF_(6)into AlF_(3),avoiding the effect of H_(3)AlF_(6)on the solubility of AlF_(3),and thus solving the separation problem of impurities.

关 键 词：氟化氢体系 铍冶金 绿柱石 氟化铝 溶解度 

分 类 号：TF801[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]