畜禽养殖粪肥对农田系统氮素收支影响研究  

Research on Impact of Livestock and Poultry Manure on Nitrogen Budget in Agricultural Systems

作　　者：刘玉琦 刘桂华 张婷 代东明 张宏宇 薛鹏 张东旭[4] 澈乐木格 美英[1] LIU Yuqi;LIU Guihua;ZHANG Ting;DAI Dongming;ZHANG Hongyu;XUE Peng;ZHANG Dongxu;CHE Lemuge;MEI Ying(Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010000;Baotou Jiuyuan Industrial Park Comprehensive Service Center,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014010;Tongliao Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia 028000;Tongliao Horqin District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia 028000)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学,呼和浩特010000 [2]包头九原工业园区综合事务服中心,内蒙古包头014010 [3]通辽市农业技术推广中心,内蒙古通辽028000 [4]通辽市科尔沁区农业技术推广中心,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第5期84-94,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：通辽市科技计划项目“通辽市畜禽养殖粪污安全还田关键技术集成及示范推广”(TLFY2021003);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“农牧业废弃物联产制肥及高效还田降低入黄污染研究”(2022YFHH0089)。

摘　　要：为研究畜禽粪肥与化肥不同比例配施对农田系统氮收支、土壤肥力变化及作物生长的影响。于2022年5—11月期间,通过大田试验,采集农田系统土壤、水体、空气及作物样本,对氮素迁移及收支进行研究。结果表明:畜禽粪肥施用明显提高了农田氮素盈余,CF0M10处理(0%化肥100%粪肥)对耕作层土壤氮含量提高了43.46%~96.64%,氮盈余量是CF10M0处理(100%化肥)的61.48倍;各试验处理总氮淋失量为施氮量的0%~0.36%;氨气挥发量占施氮量0.07%~0.18%,与化肥施用量有极显著正相关关系;CF10M0处理作物氮含量最高493.42 g/小区,是CK处理(不施肥)的2.08倍。CF7M3处理作物产量最高为13113.00 kg/hm^(2),增产2.63%。综上,CF7M3处理提高了作物产量及品质,对土壤肥力及理化性质有改善作用,且不造成氨气挥发、氮磷淋失等环境风险,适合在试验地区推广应用。To study the effects of different proportions of livestock manure and chemical fertilizer on nitrogen budget,soil fertility and crop growth in farmland system.Field experiments were conducted from May to November 2022 to collect soil,water,air and crop samples from farmland systems to study nitrogen migration and budget.The results showed that the application of livestock and poultry manure significantly increased the nitrogen surplus in the farmland.The CF0M10 treatment(0%chemical fertilizer applied with 100%manure)increased the nitrogen content in the plough layer by 43.46%to 96.64%,and the nitrogen surplus was 61.48 times that of the CF10M0 treatment(100%chemical fertilizer).The total nitrogen leaching loss of each test treatment was 0%-0.36%of the nitrogen application rate;the amount of ammonia volatilization accounted for 0.07%-0.18%of the nitrogen application rate,and there was a significant positive correlation with the amount of chemical fertilizer application.The highest nitrogen content of crops in CF10M0 treatment was 493.42 g/plot,which was 2.08 times that of CK treatment(no fertilization).The highest crop yield of CF7M3 treatment was 13113.00 kg/hm^(2),an increase of 2.63%.In summary,CF7M3 treatment increased crop yield and quality,improved soil fertility and physical and chemical properties,and did not cause environmental risks such as ammonia volatilization,nitrogen and phosphorus leaching,which was suitable for popularization and application in the experimental area.

关 键 词：畜禽粪肥 粪肥还田 氮收支 土壤肥力 作物 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]