菌草家园—微生物农业综合生产系统的构建  

Juncao Farm-Construction of an Integrated Production System for Microbial Agriculture

作　　者：包兴胜 刘平山 王志明 刘欣[2] 车建美[2] 郑雪芳[2] 王阶平[2] 吴仁烨 刘波 BAO Xingsheng;LIU Pingshan;WANG Zhiming;LIU Xin;CHE Jianmei;ZHENG Xuefang;WANG Jieping;WU Renye;LIU Bo(Zhongfu Strait(Pingtan)Development Co.,LTD.,Fuzhou 350003;Bacilli Research Center,Institute of Resources Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003;Fuzhou Xinshengyu Agricultural Technology Co.,LTD.,Fuzhou 350007;College of Agriculture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002)

机构地区：[1]中福海峡(平潭)发展股份有限公司,福州350003 [2]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所芽胞杆菌研究中心,福州350003 [3]福州鑫胜宇农业科技有限公司,福州350007 [4]福建农林大学农学院,福州350002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第5期119-129,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项“菌草微生物发酵颗粒饲料关键技术研发与产品创制研究与应用”(2022L3020);福建省科学技术厅对外合作项目“饲料微生物发酵床养猪关键技术研究与应用”(2021I0035);福建省农业科学院5511协同创新工程项目“农业种质资源圃(库)”(XTCXGC2021019)。

摘　　要：为对菌草微生物农业综合生产系统进行示范与推广,实现菌草资源综合循环利用。在福建省南平市延平区大横镇博爱村,通过种植12 hm^(2)巨菌草,建造种植和养殖并用的1.3 hm^(2)智能温室大棚,构建了菌草家园实验基地。将巨菌草原料加工成菌草益生菌、青贮发酵饲料、发酵床垫料、番茄栽培基质、灵芝培养基等,引入现代设施农业的核心技术,构建菌草微生物农业综合生产系统。智能温室分为4个区,即工厂化灵芝栽培区(0.021 hm^(2)),水肥菌一体化番茄栽培区(0.27 hm^(2)),微生物水料水产养殖区(0.30 hm^(2)),微生物发酵床畜禽养殖区(0.79 hm^(2))。研制的菌草益生菌含有至少17种功能微生物,包括芽胞杆菌4种(解淀粉芽胞杆菌、贝莱斯芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、高地芽孢杆菌),乳酸菌7种(植物乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、卷曲乳杆菌、鼠乳杆菌、詹氏乳酸杆菌、肠膜状明串珠菌、粪肠球菌),其他细菌4种(沃氏食酸菌、哈特草螺菌、砖红色微杆菌、红串红球菌),真菌2种(白地霉和酿酒酵母),这些益生菌分别用于植物栽培、水产养殖、畜禽养殖。在综合生产系统中配备了本课题组研制的水肥菌一体机、微生物水料机、益生菌饮水机,益生菌喷雾机等。研究构建了由菌草技术+微生物技术+现代设施农业的机械化、自动化、智能化的微生物农业综合生产系统,实现果蔬、水产、畜禽、食用菌的高效优质综合生产,打造出独具特色的三产融合经济循环示范点,在乡村振兴中具有很好的推广价值。The aim of this study is to conduct demonstration and popularization of an integrated production system for Juncao-microbial agriculture,and realize comprehensive and recycling utilization of Juncao resources.In the Juncao farm,12 hm^(2)of Ju-Juncao crop was planted and an intelligent greenhouse with a 1.3 hm^(2)area was built for both planting and breeding.The Ju-Juncao raw materials were processed into the Juncao probiotic agents,the ensilage fermentation feeds,the microbial fermentation bed litters,the substrates for tomato planting and Ganoderma lucidum cultivation,respectively.The core technologies of modern facility agriculture were introduced into the Juncao farm to construct the integrated production system for Juncaomicrobial agriculture.The intelligent greenhouse was divided into 4 areas,the Ganoderma lucidum cultivation area(0.021 hm^(2)),the tomato cultivation area equipped with an integration drip irrigation system of water,fertilizers and microbial agents(0.27 hm^(2)),the aquaculture area using beneficial microorganisms in water and feeds(0.30 hm^(2))and the livestock and poultry breeding area using the microbial fermentation beds(0.79 hm^(2)).The probiotics contained at least 17 species functional microorganisms,including 4 species of bacillus:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Bacillus velezensis,Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus altitudinis;7 species of lactic acid bacteria:Lactobacillus plantarum,Lactobacillus reuteri,Lactobacillus crispatus,Lactobacillus murinus,Lactobacillus jensenii,Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Enterococcus faecium;4 species of other bacteria:Acidovorax wautersii,Herbaspirillum huttiense,Microbacterium testaceum and Rhodococcus erythropolis;2 species of fungi:Geotrichum candidum and Saccharomyces cerevisia.These probiotic agents were used in tomato cultivation,aquaculture,and livestock and poultry breeding,respectively.Finally,the integrated production system was equipped with the water-fertilizers-bacteria integrated drip irrigation machine,the machine for water and feeds with benefic

关 键 词：菌草家园 微生物农业综合生产系统 现代设施农业 微生物发酵床 水肥菌一体化 发酵饲料 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]