水肥耦合对玉米光合作用、干物质积累量和产量的影响  

Effects of Coupling of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize

作　　者：陈朝辉 魏廷邦 CHEN Zhaohui;WEI Tingbang(Agricultural Investment Company in Lanzhou New Area,Lanzhou 730314;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Engineering Technology,Wuwei,Gansu 733006)

机构地区：[1]兰州新区现代农业投资集团有限公司,兰州730314 [2]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733006

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第4期1-9,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：甘肃省青年科学基金项目“10个矾根品种在兰州新区的适应性表现及离体再生体系研究”(21JR7RA875);甘肃省自然科学基金项目“水肥耦合对盐碱地向日葵生理特性和根区养分的调控机理”(23JRRH0014)。

摘　　要：为探究不同水肥耦合配比对玉米光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量、干物质积累特征和产量的调控机理,以‘豫玉22号’玉米为研究对象,于2022年在旱作区开展田间试验,采用裂区设计,以灌水量3150 m^(3)/hm^(2) (W_(1))、3825 m^(3)/hm^(2) (W_(2))、4500 m^(3)/hm^(2) (W_(3))做主区,以施氮量0 kg/hm^(2) (N_(0))、272 kg/hm^(2) (N_(1))、320 kg/hm^(2) (N_(2))为裂区,测定玉米生育期的光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量、干物质积特征和产量等指标。结果表明,在减量15%灌水量下,W_(2)N_(1)处理的玉米生育期的光合速率较W_(2)N_(0)、W_(2)N_(2)处理分别提高30.91%、13.53%;W_(2)N_(1)处理的蒸腾速率较W_(2)N_(0)、W_(2)N_(2)处理分别提高39.78%、26.46%;W_(2)N_(1)处理的叶绿素含量较W_(2)N_(0)、W_(2)N_(2)处理分别提高32.33%、9.21%;W_(2)N_(1)处理的干物质最大增长速率出现天数较W_(2)N_(0)、W_(2)N_(2)处理分别延迟7.5、3.7 d;W_(2)N_(1)处理的V_(max)较W_(2)N_(0)、W_(2)N_(2)处理分别提高11.25%、4.24%;W_(2)N_(1)处理的生物产量较W_(2)N_(0)、W_(2)N_(2)处理分别提高29.97%、5.15%;W_(2)N_(1)处理的籽粒产量较W_(2)N_(0)、W_(2)N_(2)处理分别提高48.61%、10.78%。研究认为,在旱作区可采用减量15%灌水(3825 m^(3)/hm^(2))与减量15%施氮(272 kg/hm^(2))耦合模式栽培玉米,以达到节水省肥、高产高效的水肥管理目标。The aim was to explore the regulation mechanism of different coupling ratio of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application on photosynthesis,transpiration rate,chlorophyll value,dry matter accumulation characteristic and yield of maize.In this research,using the corn variety of‘Yuyu 22’as research material,a split plot design field experiment was carried out in dryland areas of Gansu Province in 2022.Three irrigation application amount treatments of 3150 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1)),3825 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(2))and 4500 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(3))were set as the main plot,and three nitrogen application amount treatments of 0(N_(0)),272 kg/hm^(2)(N_(1))and 320 kg/hm^(2)(N_(2))were set as the split plot.Photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,chlorophyll value,dry matter accumulation characteristic and yield at the growth period of maize were determined.The results showed that under a reduction of 15%in irrigation amount during growth,compared with the W_(2)N_(0) and W_(2)N_(2) treatments,the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and chlorophyll value under the W_(2)N_(1) treatment were increased by 30.91%,13.53%and 39.78%,26.46%and 32.33%,9.21%,respectively.The maximum growth rate of dry matter in W_(2)N_(1) treatment was 7.5 and 3.7 days later than that in W_(2)N_(0) and W_(2)N_(2) treatments,respectively.The Vmax of W_(2)N_(1) treatment was 11.25%and 4.24%higher than that of W_(2)N_(0) and W_(2)N_(2) treatment,respectively.Compared with W_(2)N_(0) and W_(2)N_(2) treatments,the biological yield and grain yield of maize with the W_(2)N_(1) treatment were increased by 29.97%,5.15%and 48.61%,10.78%,respectively.The conclusion showed that the treatment with application coupling of irrigation and nitrogen(i.e.reduction of 15%irrigation amount during growth with 3825 m^(3)/hm^(2) and reduction of 15%N application amount with 272 kg/hm^(2) at growth stage)could be considered as the best cultivation pattern management,which could provide technical guidance for further exploring for water-saving and fertilizer-saving and high yield and

关 键 词：水肥耦合 旱作区 干物质积累量 玉米 产量 光合速率 蒸腾速率 叶绿素含量 

分 类 号：S359.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]