酸性物质对微碱性土壤pH和烟叶产质量的影响  

Effects of Acidic Substances on pH of Slightly Alkaline Soil and Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：余垚颖[1] 张蕾[1,2] 刘勇 黄小琴[1,2] 何佶弦 王栋[3] 张启莉 顾会战 YU Yaoying;ZHANG Lei;LIU Yong;HUANG Xiaoqin;HE Jixian;WANG Dong;ZHANG Qili;GU Huizhan(Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066;Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southwest Agriculture Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610066;Guangyuan Tobacco Company,Guangyuan,Sichuan 628000)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都610066 [2]农业农村部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,成都610066 [3]四川省烟草公司广元市公司,四川广元628000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第4期10-18,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：四川省烟草公司科技项目“广元烤烟营养均衡调控技术研究与应用”(川烟科[2018]2号);四川省烟草公司科技项目“新品种、新产品、新技术集成与应用”(川烟科[2022]5号)。

摘　　要：为解决微碱性土壤中土壤pH过高和钙离子含量丰富造成烟叶钾含量偏低的问题,采用盆栽和大田相结合的方式,研究草酸、柠檬酸和硫磺粉不同用量和组合对土壤pH、速效钾、有效钙含量、烘烤后烟叶的化学指标及产量等的影响。结果表明:(1)所有酸性物质及组合均能在一定范围内降低土壤pH,在提高土壤速效钾含量和烟叶产质量方面,以柠檬酸和柠檬酸+硫磺效果显著,初步确立为适宜改良微碱性土壤的酸性物质。(2)施用酸性物质能有效降低根际土壤pH和交换性钙离子含量,提高土壤速效钾含量,以柠檬酸4 g/株+硫磺粉11g/株(T_(4))和柠檬酸15 g/株(T_(2))效果更佳。(3)施用酸性物质可显著提高烟叶的产量,提高幅度由大到小为T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(5)>T_(2)>T_(1)>T_(0),且T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)与T_(0)之间存在显著差异,较T_(0)增产65~260 kg/hm^(2)。(4)施用酸性物质可有效改善烟叶的内在质量,烟叶化学成分综合指数0.66~0.87,较不施用酸性物质提高8.19%~60.78%。(5)与不施用酸性物质相比,施用酸性物质后,中部和上部烟叶钾含量最大增幅分别为24.3%和20.3%。柠檬酸4 g/株+硫磺粉11 g/株和柠檬酸15 g/株为微碱性土壤改良的适宜配方,能有效降低土壤pH和土壤中交换性钙含量,提高烟叶产量及钾含量,改善烟叶内在品质。To solve the problem of low potassium content in tobacco leaves caused by high soil pH and rich calcium ion content in slightly alkaline soil,the pot and field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different dosage and combination of oxalic acid,citric acid and sulfur powder on soil pH value,available potassium,available calcium content,chemical indexes and yield of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that:(1)all acidic substances and their combinations could reduce soil pH within a certain range.In terms of improving soil available potassium content and tobacco yield and quality,citric acid and ztric acid+sulfur had significant effects.It had been preliminarily established as an acidic substance suitable for improving slightly alkaline soil.(2)After the application of acidic substances,it could effectively reduce the pH and exchangeable calcium ion content of rhizosphere soil,and improve the content of available potassium in soil.The T_(4)(citric acid 4 g/plant+sulphur powder 11 g/plant)and T_(2)(citric acid 15 g/plant)had better treatment effects.(3)After the application of acid substances,the yield of tobacco leaves was significantly increased,ranked as followed:T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(5)>T_(2)>T_(1)>T_(0),and there were significant difference between T_(3),T_(4),T_(5) and T_(0),with an increase of 65-260 kg/hm^(2) compared to T_(0).(4)After the application of acid substances,the internal quality of tobacco leaves was effectively improved.The comprehensive index of chemical composition was 0.66-0.87,which was 8.19%-60.78%higher than that without the application of acidic substances.(5)Compared with not applying acidic substances,the potassium content of middle and upper leaves increased by 24.3%and 20.3%respectively.Citric acid 4 g/plant+sulfur powder 11 g/plant and citric acid 15 g/plant were suitable formulas for improving slightly alkaline soil.They can effectively reduce soil pH and exchangeable calcium content,increase tobacco yield and potassium content,and improve the intrinsic quality of tobacc

关 键 词：烤烟 微碱性土壤 土壤PH 烟叶钾含量 酸性物质 土壤改良 烟叶产量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S153.4[农业科学—作物学]