丁香种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Syringa Germplasm Resources on Phenotypic Traits

作　　者：李静 李海霞 李正华 郭成博 王艳敏 孙培琳 白卉 LI Jing;LI Haixia;LI Zhenghua;GUO Chengbo;WANG Yanmin;SUN Peilin;BAI Hui(Key Laboratory of Fast-Growing Tree Cultivating of Heilongjiang Province/Heilongjiang Forest Institute,Harbin 150081;Heilongjiang Institute of Atomic Energy,Harbin 150086)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省林业科学研究所/黑龙江省速生林木培育重点实验室,哈尔滨150081 [2]黑龙江省原子能研究院,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第4期74-83,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省省属科研院所基本科研业务费项目“重瓣丁香花生物学特性与花发育解剖学研究”(CZKYF2023-1-C025);黑龙江省省属科研院所基本科研业务费项目“丁香属优异新种质挖掘与表型遗传多样性分析”(QN2022-02);黑龙江省科学院青年创新基金项目“60Co-γ辐射对紫丁香愈伤组织成苗及植株特性的影响”(CXMS2022YZN01)。

摘　　要：为深入了解丁香属种质资源表型性状的变异特点和多样性,以118份丁香种质资源为研究对象,选取28个质量性状及9个数量性状进行表型调查测定。通过多样性分析、相关性分析、聚类分析及主成分分析对其表型性状的遗传多样性进行研究。结果表明,28个质量性状有81个变异类型,其中花冠裂片形状、新梢颜色、花序形状等变异范围较大。Shannon-Wiener信息指数H'和遗传多样性指数D变化范围分别为0~1.63和0~0.79,其中花冠裂片形状(H'=1.63,D=0.79)、新梢颜色(H'=1.23,D=0.67)等性状多样性指数较高。9个数量性状中,叶形指数变异系数最小为15.78%,花序长度变异系数最大为37.95%;花蕾直径与花蕾长度、叶片长度与叶片宽度呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.748、0.833(Sig.<0.01)。聚类分析将118个丁香种质资源在欧式距离约15处分为3类,第Ⅰ类可用于选育花径大及花型紧凑的种质资源,第Ⅱ类可用于选育花型舒展的种质资源,第Ⅲ类可用于选育花序长的种质资源。主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分累计贡献率为73.885%。将前2个主成分上贡献较高的性状作为优选性状,选取小花大小因子和叶片大小指标进行相关评价,可提高丁香属种质资源评价和选育鉴定工作的效率。In order to further understand the genetic diversity of Syringa germplasm resources,using 118 germplasm resources of Syringa as experimental materials,and 9 quantitative traits and 28 qualitative traits were measured.The genetic diversity of phenotypic traits of Syringa germplasm resources were studied by diversity analysis,correlation analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that a total of 81 variant types were observed for the 28 qualitative traits.Among them,shape of lobe,color of new shoots and shape of inflorescence had a large variation range.The Shannon-Wiener information index H'and genetic diversity index D of 28 qualitative traits respectively varied from 0 to 1.63 and 0 to 0.79.And the higher diversity indexes were observed in shape of lobe(H'=163,D=0.79)and color of new shoots(H'=1.23,D=0.67).The lowest coefficient of variation of leaf shape index was 15.78%in 9 quantitative traits and the highest coefficient of variation of length of inflorescence was 37.95%.Bud diameter was significantly correlated with bud length,leaf length and leaf width,the correlation coefficients were 0.748 and 0.833(Sig.<0.01).The 118 Syringa germplasm resources were divided into 3 groups at the Euclidean distance of about 15 according to cluster analysis;the first group could be used for selecting large flower diameter and tightly inflorescence cultivars;group II could be used for selecting loose inflorescence cultivars;and group III could be used for selecting large inflorescence cultivars.Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components reached to 73.885%.The samples based on the first two principal components value were selected as the preferred traits form the higher contribution traits,and the floret size factor and leaf size index were selected for correlation evaluation,which could improve the efficiency for evaluation and breeding selection of Syringa germplasm.

关 键 词：丁香属 种质资源 表型性状 遗传多样性 信息指数 质量性状 数量性状 聚类分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S685.26[农业科学—观赏园艺]