黄芪常见病害发生规律及综合防治策略  

Occurrence Pattern of Common Diseases and Integrated Control Strategy of Astragalus membranaceus

作　　者：张博 肖欧丽 王铁霖[3] 王丹[4] 赵浩然 陈捷胤 戴小枫 王永刚[2] 孔志强 ZHANG Bo;XIAO Ouli;WANG Tielin;WANG Dan;ZHAO Haoran;CHEN Jieyin;DAI Xiaofeng;WANG Yonggang;KONG Zhiqiang(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193;School of Life Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700;School of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,兰州730050 [3]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [4]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第4期119-125,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：黄芪栽培面积逐年扩大,因连作障碍导致病虫害问题逐年加重,为给黄芪种植过程中的病害识别及综合防治提供依据,对黄芪主要病害的发生规律、病原菌种类及病害防治措施进行综述。黄芪常见的病害主要包括根腐病、黄萎病、白粉病、霜霉病、立枯病和叶斑病等。在这些病害中,根腐病和白粉病对黄芪的危害尤为严重。针对这些病害,传统的防治措施主要依赖于化学药剂,如多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵和咯菌腈等。然而,长期依赖化学药剂不仅可能对黄芪本身产生负面影响,还可能对环境造成污染。利用芽孢杆菌属、木霉属和链霉菌属等微生物,可以有效控制病害的发生,同时减少对环境的影响。除了上述方法外,通过培育抗性强的黄芪品种,可以从根本上减少病害的发生。此外,优化栽培方法和加强田间管理,合理轮作、改善土壤结构、控制灌溉和施肥等,也是预防病害的关键措施。综上所述,黄芪病害的防治应采取综合管理策略,包括生物防治、抗病品种选育、优化栽培技术和加强田间管理,以实现高效、环保的病害控制。The cultivation area of Astragalus membranaceus was expanding year by year.However,due to the continuous cropping obstacles,the problems of pests and diseases are becoming more and more serious year by year.In order to provide a basis for the identification and integrated prevention and control of diseases in the planting process of A.membranaceus,this paper reviews the occurrence patterns,pathogen species and prevention and control measures of the main diseases of A.membranaceus.The common diseases of A.membranaceus mainly include root rot,verticillium wilt,powdery mildew,downy mildew,damping-off and leaf spot,etc.Among these diseases,root rot and powdery mildew are particularly harmful to A.membranaceus.For these diseases,traditional prevention and control measures mainly rely on chemical agents,such as carbendazim,thiophanate-methyl and fludioxonil,etc.However,long-term dependence on chemical agents may not only have a negative impact on A.membranaceus itself,but also cause environmental pollution.The use of microorganisms such as Bacillus,Trichoderma and Streptomyces can effectively control the occurrence of diseases,while reducing the impact on the environment.In addition to the above methods,the cultivation of A.membranaceus varieties with strong resistance can fundamentally reduce the occurrence of diseases.Moreover,optimizing cultivation methods and strengthening field management,such as rational crop rotation,improving soil structure,controlling irrigation and fertilization,are also key measures to prevent diseases.In summary,the prevention and control of A.membranaceus diseases should adopt a comprehensive management strategy,including biological control,breeding of disease-resistant varieties,optimization of cultivation techniques and strengthening of field management,so as to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly disease control.

关 键 词：黄芪 常见病害 病原 发病规律 防治措施 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培] R931.2[农业科学—作物学]