鼻腔阻塞条件下人体上呼吸道流动传热特性分析  

Characteristics of Flow and Heat Transfer in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Humans Under Nasal Obstructive Conditions

作　　者：潘慧 谢军 高炜烨 陈伟 PAN Hui;XIE Jun;GAO Weiye;CHEN Wei(Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Astronautics,Beihang University,Beijing 102206,China;School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院康复医学科,成都610041 [2]北京航空航天大学宇航学院,北京102206 [3]四川大学空天科学与工程学院,成都610065

出　　处：《四川大学学报(医学版)》2025年第1期215-221,共7页Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.52076143)资助。

摘　　要：目的分析鼻腔阻塞时上呼吸道呼吸特征变化,获得呼吸道内流动换热过程的差异,从而为呼吸道疾病的诊断和治疗提供辅助支持。方法本文基于计算机断层扫描(CT)数据建立了人体上呼吸道三维模型,并采用计算流体力学方法研究了正常呼吸和鼻腔阻塞条件下人体上呼吸道的流动传热特性。结果正常呼吸时,由于鼻腔具有复杂几何形状以及较大的换热面积,呼吸气流在鼻腔后部已接近人体体温。单鼻腔阻塞时,高速气体和低速气体会在鼻腔后部快速掺混并均匀化,实现充分换热。当两侧鼻腔阻塞而从口腔进气时,鼻咽部和气道入口处的气流速度更高,且气流在口腔内换热强度较弱,温升较小。结论稳定的鼻腔呼吸方式对维持人体呼吸舒适感,预防呼吸道疾病具有重要作用。Objective To analyze the changes in the respiratory characteristics of the upper respiratory tract under nasal obstruction conditions,to identify the disparities in the flow-heat transfer processes within the respiratory tract,and to provide auxiliary support for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases.Methods We established in this study a three-dimensional(3-D)model of the human upper respiratory tract based on computed tomography(CT)data.Computational fluid dynamics methods were used to compare and analyze the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the human upper respiratory tract under normal breathing and nasal obstructive conditions.Results During normal breathing,the complex geometric shapes and large areas of heat transfer inside the nasal cavity of humans allowed the respiratory airflow in the posterior part of the nasal cavity to be warmed close to the body temperature.Under unilateral nasal obstruction,relatively high-speed gas and low-speed gas quickly mixed up and homogenized in the posterior part of the nasal cavity,and the airflow underwent sufficient heat transfer in the nasal cavity.Under bilateral nasal obstruction,air was inhaled through the mouth,and the flow velocity was significantly higher at the nasopharynx and the airway entrance compared to that of normal nasal air intake.Moreover,the heat transfer intensity of the airflow in the oral cavity was relatively weak,and the temperature rise of the airflow in the oral cavity was relatively small.Conclusion A stable nasal breathing pattern plays an important role in maintaining human respiratory comfort and preventing respiratory diseases.

关 键 词：上呼吸道 鼻腔堵塞 呼吸气流 温度感知 

分 类 号：R765[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]