增强装配工艺信息模型驱动的空间展开机构混合现实辅助装配  

Assembly of Space Deployable Mechanism Driven by Enhanced Assembly Process Information Model Assisted by Mixed Reality

作　　者：王艺玮[1] 郭琦 刘新玉 郑联语[1] 张向荣 王彬彬 赖小明 李云 WANG Yiwei;GUO Qi;LIU Xinyu;ZHENG Lianyu;ZHANG Xiangrong;WANG Binbin;LAI Xiaoming;LI Yun(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100094)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191 [2]北京卫星制造厂有限公司,北京100094

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2025年第2期371-383,共13页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52375476);国家重点研发计划(2020YFB1708400);国防基础科研(JCKY2018601C011);北航青年拔尖人才支持计划(YWF-23-L-1209)资助项目。

摘　　要：大型空间展开机构装配过程复杂,目前装配工艺以纸质文档或电子看板为主要载体形式,各工序技术要求、零部件清单、操作说明等相对独立,工艺信息以自然语言描述为主,存在信息冗余、复杂抽象等缺陷,易造成操作工人理解偏差。此外产品高度定制化,一件产品一套工艺,学习成本高。随着市场对卫星定制化程度和制造周期的要求越来越高,传统的装配作业模式暴露出越来越多的弊端。为此,提出一种增强装配工艺信息模型驱动的空间展开机构混合现实(Mixed reality,MR)辅助装配技术。首先,构建融合工艺规程、装配动画、全息模型等静态数据,及装配过程中测量数据、监测数据等动态数据在内的增强装配工艺信息模型。其次,提出面向MR辅助装配的工艺高效创编方法,实现工艺设计系统与MR辅助装配系统的无缝衔接。再次,建立MR设备与激光跟踪仪等现场测量设备的互操作,实现“装-测-调”一体化闭环过程。最后,在以上关键技术基础上开发MR辅助装配系统,并在某大型空间展开机构装配现场进行应用验证。结果表明,文中所提方法打通了装配过程各环节数据流,形成“信息建模-工艺创编-MR引导-数据闭环”的全流程、全链条装配模式,提高了卫星产品的装配效率与质量。The assembly process of large-scale space deployable mechanism is complicated.Currently,the assembly process is documented.The technical requirements,bill of material(BOM),operation instructions,etc.of each process are arranged independently.The process information in the paper document is described in natural language,having shortcomings such as information redundancy and abstract,which leads to understanding deviation for different people.With increasing higher requirement for satellite customization and manufacturing cycle,the traditional assembly operation mode exposes disadvantages.To solve the above problems,an assembly guidance method driven by augmented assembly process information model assisted by mixed reality is proposed.First,the augmented assembly process information model is constructed,which integrates static data such as text,assembly animation and holographic model,and dynamic data such as measurement and monitoring readings during the assembly process.Secondly,a high-efficiency process authoring method for MR-assisted assembly is proposed,which seamlessly connects the assembly process planning and the MR-assisted assembly system.Thirdly,the interoperability between MR device and the on-site measurement equipment such as laser tracer,intelligent torque wrench,data acquisition instrumentations,etc.is established.The interoperability enables to integrates measurement steps into the assembly process and fee back the measurement results in time to workers.This“assembly-measurement-adjustment”closed-loop process enables correct assembly errors in time and reduce rework.Finally,the above technologies are integrated into the developed MR-assisted assembly guidance system,which is verified at the assembly site of a large-scale space deployable mechanism.The results show that the proposed method and the developed MR-assisted assembly system are able to alleviate cognitive load,reduce rework,and improve the assembly efficiency and quality of satellite products.

关 键 词：空间展开机构 混合现实 增强装配工艺信息模型 测量互操作 

分 类 号：TP277[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]