客户参与物流协作配送的最优价格折扣激励策略研究  

Optimal price discount incentive strategy for customer participation in logistics collaborative distribution

作　　者：饶卫振[1] 彭新如 朱庆华[2] RAO Weizhen;PENG Xinru;ZHU Qinghua(College of Economics and Management,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;Antai College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学经济管理学院,青岛266590 [2]上海交通大学安泰经济管理学院,上海200030

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2025年第1期248-268,共21页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(22AGL021)。

摘　　要：传统协作配送只考虑物流企业参与意愿,一般没有考虑客户是否愿意接受联盟其他成员的配送服务.为此,本文分析了客户愿意参与协作比例与物流企业可节约成本之间的关系,并设计了激励客户参与协作配送的最优价格折扣策略.首先,构建了不同客户参与比例下量化联盟总配送成本的车辆路径优化模型,设计了求解模型的自适应大邻域搜索算法.其次,基于需求弹性理论刻画客户参与比例与价格折扣之间的函数关系,使用Shapley值法分摊不同折扣下联盟的总配送成本,进而计算各物流企业提供折扣后的利润.然后,以物流联盟成员平均利润最大化为目标,基于最小二乘法拟合和牛顿法原理,提出了能够根据各物流企业客户总数、配送价格等信息,快速计算最优折扣的估算方法.最后,通过Solomon标准算例和实际案例对模型和策略的有效性进行了验证.研究结果表明:在不同的弹性需求市场中,采用文章提出的价格折扣策略后,物流企业平均利润可提升至未提供折扣时的1.5~4倍;最优折扣估算方法的求解精度可控制在97%左右,相应利润与实际最优利润的偏差平均只有3.5%.Traditional collaborative distribution only considers logistics enterprises'willingness to participate in,and is less likely to consider whether customers are willing to accept the distribution services from other members of the alliance.For this reason,this paper analyzes the relationship between the ratio of customers'willingness to participate in collaboration and the cost savings of logistics enterprises,and designs an optimal price discount strategy to encourage customers to participate in collaborative distribution.Firstly,a vehicle routing optimization model is constructed to quantify the total distribution cost of the alliance under different customer participation ratios,and an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm is designed to solve the model.Secondly,the functional relationship between the proportion of customer participation and price discount is described by the theory of demand elasticity,and the total distribution costs of the alliance under different discounts are shared by the Shapley value method,and then the profit of each logistics enterprise after the discount is obtained.Then,with the goal of maximizing the average profit of logistics alliance members,based on the principle of ordinary least square fitting and the Newton method,an estimation method is proposed to quickly calculate the optimal discount according to the total number of customers and distribution price of each logistics enterprise.Finally,the effectiveness of the model and strategy is verified by Solomon standard examples and numerical experiments.The results show that:in different elastic demand markets,after adopting the optimal price discount strategy proposed in this paper,the average profit of logistics enterprises can be improved to 1.5~4 times that when no discount is provided;The accuracy of the solution can be controlled at about 97%,and the average deviation between the corresponding profit and the actual optimal profit is only 3.5%.

关 键 词：协作配送 价格折扣策略 客户参与意愿 需求弹性理论 SHAPLEY值法 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]