氨动力能源系统研究进展及展望  

Research Progress and Prospects of Ammonia-powered Energy Systems

作　　者：白璐畅 Bai Luchang(China Power Complete Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100080)

机构地区：[1]中国电能成套设备有限公司,北京100080

出　　处：《中外能源》2025年第3期14-20,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：氢能受限于储存和运输难题,一直未能大规模应用,而氨作为一种富含氢的清洁燃料,因其高能量密度、高辛烷值以及便于储存运输的特性,成为科研和工业界研究的热点。在车用发动机领域,将高活性助燃剂与氨进行掺混燃烧,能够在增加发动机压缩比和提高输出功率的同时,提升氨在发动机中的燃烧性能。相比于在发动机中直接燃烧,氨燃料电池更加高效和环保。间接氨燃料电池以氨作为氢载体,经氨重整器产生氢气进入氢燃料电池,实现氢的即产即用和安全高效发电;直接向阳极供应氨的直接氨燃料电池仍处于早期研究阶段。在船舶领域,中日韩以及挪威、德国等欧洲国家,已经部署推进氨燃料动力船舶的商业运营。在发电、热力领域,燃气轮机氨掺混燃烧或纯氨燃烧,以及电站锅炉氨煤混合燃烧可行性均得以验证,将掺氨比例控制在一定范围内,可以获得更好的燃尽性能和更低的污染物排放。随着“绿氨”燃料体系的提出,氨燃料将在全球“零碳”进程中发挥更加重要的作用。Hydrogen energy has not been used on a large scale due to the difficulties in its storage and transportation,while ammonia,a clean fuel rich in hydrogen,has become a hotspot in scientific research and industrial circles because of its characteristics such as high energy density,high octane number and easy storage and transportation.In the field of vehicle engine,the co-combustion of highly active combustion promoter and ammonia can improve the combustion performance of ammonia in the engine while increasing the compres-sion ratio and the output power of the engine.Compared with the direct combustion in the engine,ammonia fuel cells are more efficient and environmentally friendly.Indirect ammonia fuel cells use ammonia as the hy-drogen carrier,and the hydrogen generated through ammonia reformer is fed into hydrogen fuel cells to realize the immediate use of hydrogen upon production and the safe and efficient power generation.Direct ammonia fuel cells that supply ammonia directly to the anode are still in the early stages of research.In the field of ships,China,Japan,South Korea and European countries such as Norway and Germany have deployed to promote the commercial operation of ammonia-powered ships.In the fields of power generation and heat,the feasibility of ammonia co-combustion or pure ammonia combustion in gas turbines and ammonia co-combustion with coal in power station boilers has been verified.If the proportion of ammonia is controlled within a certain range,better burnout performance and lower pollutant emission can be obtained.With the proposal of green ammonia fuel system,ammonia fuel will play a more important role in the global carbon neutral process.

关 键 词：氨动力能源系统 车用发动机 氨燃料电池 氨燃料动力船舶 氨掺烧 绿氨 

分 类 号：TK16[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]