城市轨道交通低地板有轨电车弹性车轮优化设计与疲劳寿命研究  

Research on optimization design and fatigue lifetime for resilient wheel of low-floor tram using in urban rail transit

作　　者：赵荣国[1,2] 潘思羽 叶杜恒 张晨 彭金龙 竺峰 林胜[4] ZHAO Rongguo;PAN Siyu;YE Duheng;ZHANG Chen;PENG Jinlong;ZHU Feng;LIN Sheng(Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Reliability of Engineering Structures of College of Hunan Province,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China;College of Civil Engineering,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China;Zhuzhou Time New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,CRRC,Zhuzhou 412007,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学工程结构动力学与可靠性分析湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,湖南湘潭411105 [2]湘潭大学机械工程与力学学院,湖南湘潭411105 [3]湘潭大学土木工程学院,湖南湘潭411105 [4]中国中车株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司,湖南株洲412007

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期11-23,共13页Journal of Xiangtan University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52175255);湖南省高层次人才聚集项目(2019RS1059);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20200648)。

摘　　要：弹性车轮是城市轨道交通低地板有轨电车的重要组成部分,为了提高弹性车轮服役疲劳寿命,该文基于撕裂能理论,应用ABAQUS、FE-safe和Isight软件,对弹性车轮橡胶元件进行有限元建模、优化设计和疲劳寿命研究.首先,基于裂纹能量理论,研究了橡胶材料的疲劳特性,建立弹性车轮橡胶元件有限元模型并进行数值模拟计算,结果表明弹性车轮的刚度和疲劳寿命均未达到设计要求.其次,基于正交数值试验和Sobol模型,提出了一种改进的灵敏度分析方法,以最小应变为优化目标,选用改进灵敏度分析方法确定的结构参数为设计变量,建立二阶响应面模型,采用自适应多岛遗传算法对刚度约束条件下的弹性车轮橡胶元件进行单目标多因素优化设计,并对优化弹性车轮进行有限元数值模拟分析,结果表明优化弹性车轮结构的疲劳寿命比原弹性车轮结构提高了30%,优化弹性车轮的刚度和疲劳寿命均满足设计要求.最后,对优化弹性车轮分别进行径向加载试验和疲劳试验,结果表明有限元计算刚度曲线与试验刚度曲线吻合,且经历设计疲劳周次载荷循环的优化弹性车轮,其结构保持完整,验证了有限元模型和疲劳寿命数值模拟的有效性.The resilient wheels are a type of important components of the low floor tram using in urban rail transit.To improve the service fatigue lifetime of resilient wheel,based on the tear energy theory,the ABAQUS,FE-safe,and Isight software are applied to conduct the finite element modeling,optimization design,and fatigue lifetime analysis for the rubber component of resilient wheel in this paper.Firstly,based on the theory of crack energy,the fatigue characteristics of rubber material are studied.A finite element model for the resilient wheel’s rubber component is established,and the numerical simulation calculations for the finite element model are carried out.The result shows that the value of stiffness coefficient of the resilient wheel exceeds the design range,and the fatigue lifetime is lower than the design requirement.Secondly,based on the orthogonal numerical test and the Sobol model,an improved sensitivity analysis method is proposed.Taking the minimum strain as an optimization objective,and selecting the structural parameters determined by the improved sensitivity analysis method as the design variables,a second-order response surface model is constructed,and the adaptive multi-island genetic algorithm is used for the single objective and multi-factor optimization design of the resilient wheel’s rubber component under the condition of stiffness constraint.The finite element numerical simulation analysis is conducted for the optimized resilient wheel’s rubber component,and the results show that the fatigue lifetime of the optimized structure is increased by 30%compared to the original structure,the stiffness,and the fatigue lifetime of the optimized resilient wheel as well,are all satisfied with the design requirement.Finally,the radial loading test and the fatigue test are individually conducted for the optimized resilient wheel.The results show that the simulated stiffness curve matches with the test one,and the optimized resilient wheel,which had endured the design fatigue load cycles,maintains its

关 键 词：弹性车轮 优化设计 疲劳寿命 敏度分析 有限元 

分 类 号：O346[理学—固体力学]