一种X射线脉冲星自转参数估计新方法  

A new estimation algorithm for spin parameters of X-ray pulsar

作　　者：韩孟纳 童明雷[1,2] 石永强[3] 王浙宇 HAN Mengna;TONG Minglei;SHI Yongqiang;WANG Zheyu(National Time Service Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710600,China;Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710600,China;Space Optoelectronic Measurement and Perception Laboratory,Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100190,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家授时中心,西安710600 [2]时间基准及应用重点实验室(中国科学院),西安710600 [3]北京控制工程研究所空间光电测量与感知实验室,北京100190 [4]中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《航空学报》2025年第3期97-108,共12页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：空间光电测量与感知实验室开放基金(LabSOMP-2023-12);科技部SKA专项(2020SKA0120103);国家自然科学基金(U1831130)。

摘　　要：脉冲星参数数据库的建立是脉冲星观测的重要成果,也是开展脉冲星空间应用研究的基础。脉冲星计时模型参数精度的提升对于脉冲星应用具有重要意义,如X射线脉冲星导航、深空时间基准维持等。针对脉冲星的射电星历无法满足其在X射线计时分析中的需求,以NICER探测器观测的PSR B1937+21为研究对象,提出了基于RANSAC抗差拟合的脉冲星自转参数更新方法,对比了使用最小二乘拟合算法、高斯-牛顿迭代法与RANSAC抗差拟合算法更新自转参数后的计时结果,分析了参数更新过程脉冲轮廓的特征变化。自转参数更新后,计时残差中的主要趋势项被扣除,计时精度及6年内自转稳定度提升明显。The establishment of pulsar parameter database is an important achievement of pulsar observation,and is also the basis for the study of pulsar applications in space.The improvement of the accuracy of pulsar timing model parameters is of great significance for pulsar applications,such as X-ray pulsar navigation,and time reference mainte⁃nance in deep space.However,the radio ephemeris of pulsars cannot meet the needs of X-ray timing analysis.In this paper,the PSR B1937+21 observed by NICER detector is taken as the research object,and a method using RANSAC robust fitting to update pulsar’s spin parameters is proposed.The timing results after updating the spin pa⁃rameters using the least squares fitting algorithm,the Gauss-Newton iteration method and the RANSAC robust fitting algorithm are compared,and the characteristic changes of pulse profile during parameter updating are analyzed.After the spin parameters are updated,the main trend items in timing residuals are deducted,and the timing accuracy and rotation stability within six years are improved significantly.

关 键 词：脉冲星计时 毫秒脉冲星 参数拟合 计时残差 稳定度 

分 类 号：V419[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]