弹性飞机机动载荷分析与减缓技术综述  

Maneuver load analysis and alleviation technology of flexible aircraft:Review

作　　者：万志强[1] 张珊珊 王晓喆 马靓 许翱 吴志刚[1] 杨超[1] WAN Zhiqiang;ZHANG Shanshan;WANG Xiaozhe;MA Liang;XU Ao;WU Zhigang;YANG Chao(School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Institute of Unmanned System,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学无人系统研究院,北京100191

出　　处：《航空学报》2025年第3期140-173,共34页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：中国科协青年人才托举工程(2022QNRC001);航空科学基金(2022Z012051001)。

摘　　要：飞行载荷是飞机结构设计的基础,准确、快速获得机动载荷一直是飞机研制中的难题。早期飞机采用在刚性机动载荷基础上做弹性修正的方法,而随着现代飞机飞行速度和结构柔度的不断提高,结构弹性变形使得机动载荷的分布发生较大变化,需要综合考虑气动和结构的耦合效应,并发展了满足不同精度和效率的弹性机动载荷分析方法。机动载荷减缓技术的提出与应用保证了飞机所需的机动特性,同时降低了因结构强度和刚度要求所要付出重量的代价,是当前该领域研究的热点。首先归纳了现代弹性飞机机动飞行载荷分析及减缓的总体要求和技术框架;其次以此为基础介绍了机动飞行载荷所涉及的气动力、结构强度/刚度、数据映射、飞行力学等分析方法;对国内外的机动载荷减缓技术进行了梳理;回顾了机动飞行载荷及其减缓的仿真和试验案例;最后讨论了未来机动飞行载荷分析及减缓技术发展中需要解决的关键问题,以期为该领域的科研工作者提供一些思路。Flight loads are the foundation of aircraft structural design.However,it is a challenge to accurately and rapidly obtain maneuver loads in aircraft development.The elastic correction is performed based on rigid maneuver flight loads in early aircraft design.With the continuous increase in the flight speed and structural flexibility of modern aircraft,structural elastic deformation leads to significant changes in the distribution of maneuver loads,and it requires a comprehensive consideration of the coupling between aerodynamics and structure.Several analysis methods of ma⁃neuver loads are rapidly developed to satisfy different accuracy and efficiency.The load alleviation technology helps reduce the weight while satisfying the same requirements of the maneuver characteristics,stiffness and strength,be⁃coming a hot topic in this field.This paper first summarizes the overall requirements and technical framework for the analysis and alleviation of maneuver flight loads in modern flexible aircraft.Then the analysis methods of flight loads,involving aerodynamics,structural strength/stiffness,data mapping,flight mechanics,etc.,are introduced.The do⁃mestic and foreign technologies of maneuver load alleviation and simulation and experimental cases of maneuver flight loads analysis and alleviation are reviewed.Finally,the key issues of future maneuver flight loads analysis and allevia⁃tion technology development are discussed to provide reference for researchers in this field.

关 键 词：飞行载荷 机动载荷 气动弹性 载荷减缓 风洞试验 飞行试验 

分 类 号：V211.47[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]