组织治理契约:组织化推动土地资源资本化的理论机制与实践探索  

Govern Contracts by Organization:Theory and Practice of Organizational Promotion to Land Resource Capitalization

作　　者：周立[1] 汪庆浩 罗建章 ZHOU Li;WANG Qinghao;LUO Jianzhang(School ofAgricultural Economics and Rural Development,Renmin University of China;School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University;China Institute for Rural Studies,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院 [2]清华大学公共管理学院 [3]清华大学中国农村研究院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2025年第2期39-62,共24页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)重大项目“跨界合作与整全治理研究”(编号:20XNL012)。

摘　　要：针对土地资源资本化面临的产权残缺和市场流转困境,已有研究提出了产权清晰论和市场完善论两种观点,前者认为确权确地是前提,只有产权明晰,才能通过流转实现土地资源的价值量化;后者认为市场有效是前提,只有通过交易实现合理定价,才能实现土地资源的价值显化。然而,在农村土地制度改革要坚守“三条底线”的背景下,两种观点的实践挑战主要体现为:一方面,过分强调产权清晰可能导致交易成本过高,抑制了流转需求;另一方面,资源定价过分依赖双边市场则会导致土地的权利与收益分配混乱,无法实现资源活化。上述两种观点本质上是在缺乏有效契约主体的前提下,对核心契约增加边缘契约,以提供确保契约有效性的“药方”,可以归纳为“契约治理契约”。对此,本文提出在不完全契约条件下,以“组织治理契约”为内核的组织有效论,并论证在产权清晰和市场完善的基础上,通过有效的“组织治理契约”,形成土地资源资本化的充分条件。基于此,本文构建“确股量化-价值显化-资源活化”的土地资源资本化分析框架,通过理论演绎论证“组织化确权-组织化交易-组织化托底”的“组织治理契约”作用机理,并进一步以内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗林原村“一社四部”案例,揭示组织化推动土地资源资本化的实践探索。研究发现,构建归属清晰、权能完整、流转顺畅、保护严格的中国特色社会主义农村集体产权体系,完善农村产权交易平台和提高村庄组织化程度是推动土地资源资本化的重要前提。《中华人民共和国农村集体经济组织法》的颁布实施,进一步确立了农村集体经济组织在村庄组织和治理上的法律地位,农村集体经济组织作为集体经济组织成员权的代行主体,能够成为“组织治理契约”的治理主体,从而以组织化推动土地资源资本�Given the incomplete property rights and the dilemma of market circulation faced by the capitalization of land resources,existing studies have put forward two theoretical explanations:one is the theory of clear property rights,which,based on the transaction cost theory,puts forward that clear property rights can realize the circulation of resources.The other is the market perfection theory.Based on the two-sided market theory,it holds that reasonable pricing can promote resource trading and realize resource capitalization.Against the institutional background of insisting that the nature of collective ownership of rural land will not change,the above two theoretical viewpoints have encountered many challenges in practice.In essence,under the premise of lacking effective contract subjects,it is impossible to improve the core contract with incomplete property rights by adding extermal contracts,so it is impossible to ensure the effectiveness of the contract."Govern contracts by organization"is an important means for an organization to promote the capitalization of resources,and rural collective economic organizations are the key govermance subjects.Therefore,clear property rights and a perfect market are only two necessary conditions to realize the capitalization of land resources.On this basis,it is necessary to add the necessary condition of effective organizations to form a sufficient condition for the capitalizationofland resources.Compared with existing research,this paper has the following two marginal contributions.On the one hand,it talks about govern contracts by contract"with"govern contracts by organization"and solves the problem of the absence of contract subject in the situation of incomplete contract.It believes that the organizational mode of replacing collective membership rights with collective economic organizations is the third necessary condition for the capitalization of land resources,and demonstrates how effective organization,clear property rights,and a perfect market constitute sufficient co

关 键 词：乡村振兴 土地资源资本化 组织化 新型集体经济 农村集体经济组织 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]