新一轮土地确权实施的农村劳动力跨部门配置效应  

Effects of the New Round of Land Tenure Certification on Rural Labor Allocation Across Sectors

作　　者：吴佳璇 王晓兵 陆岐楠 WU Jiaxuan;WANG Xiaobing;LU Qinan(School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Peking University;School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学现代农学院 [2]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2025年第2期63-85,共23页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“乡村振兴战略实施中政府与市场的关系及协调研究”(编号:71933004);国家自然科学基金青年项目“契约安排视角下种粮大户应对自然风险的策略选择和效果评估研究”(编号:72403240);国家社会科学基金重大项目“推动农业机械化智能化保障粮食安全的路径和机制创新研究”(编号:22&ZD084)。

摘　　要：基于全国农村固定观察点调查数据和乡镇层面的土地确权时间数据,本文采用多时点双重差分法识别了新一轮土地确权对农村家庭劳动力配置的影响。研究发现,土地确权总体上显著促进了农村劳动力外出非农就业,但对农业全要素生产率水平不同的农户具有异质性影响:总体上农户农业全要素生产率水平越低,土地确权对其家庭中劳动力外出非农就业的促进作用越强。这说明,土地确权使不具有农业生产比较优势的农村劳动力转移到非农部门,具有农业生产比较优势的农村劳动力留在农业部门,从而优化了农村劳动力的跨部门配置。此外,土地确权显著提高了具有农业生产比较优势的农户的农业长期投资水平,并促使土地从较低农业全要素生产率的农户流转到较高农业全要素生产率的农户,进一步实现了要素的有效配置。本文在中国现有土地制度背景下构建了土地产权制度改革影响劳动力配置的分析框架,为理解土地产权制度安排与农村家庭要素配置的关系提供了经验证据。Using data from the National Rural Fixed Observation Points Survey and town-level land certification timing data,this study employs a multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)approach to identify the effects of the new round of land tenure certification on rural labor allocation among sectors.This study seeks to examine the impact of the new round of land certification on rural labor allocation across sectors in China.Building on this,it further analyzes the role of the land certification process in facilitating the efficient allocation of other production factors.The main findings of this study are as follows.First,the land certification has significantly promoted the outflow ofrural labor to non-agricultural employment,with heterogeneous effects based on agricultural total factor productivity(TFP)across households before the land certification.This result indicates that land certification facilitates the reallocation of rural labor,shifting those without a comparative advantage in agriculture to non-agricultural sectors,while those with a comparative advantage remain in agriculture,thus optimizing cross-sectoral rural labor allocation.Second,the new round of land certification has a more significant role in promoting labor migration to non-agricultural employment in villages with lower pre-certification property stability,provincial-level regions with low labor export,and plain regions.Third,land certification significantly increases long-term agricultural investments among households with a comparative advantage in agricultural production,and facilitates the transfer of land from households with lower agricultural TFP to those with higher agricultural TFP,further achieving an eficient allocation of production factors.The above findings have several important implications.First,it is crucial to consolidate the achievements of the new round of land tenure certification by formulating and implementing subsequent management policies.These policies should further solidify the relationship between land and farmers

关 键 词：土地确权 劳动力配置 农业全要素生产率 比较优势 多时点双重差分法 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济] F321.1[经济管理—国民经济]