上海市某电子制造企业职工职业紧张、抑郁情绪与焦虑情绪现状分析  

Analysis on status of occupational stress,depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms of employees in an electronic manufacturing enterprise in Shanghai

作　　者：陈明智 黄凌 顾春华[2] 吴倩 肖江雨 王静[2] CHEN Mingzhi;HUANG Ling;GU Chunhua;WU Qian;XIAO Jiangyu;WANG Jing(School of Public Health,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Department of TCM Preventive Medicine(Health Education),Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200136,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000 [2]上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心中医预防(健康教育)科,上海200136

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第24期3318-3323,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心科技项目资助(PDCDC-2022-12);上海市浦东新区卫生系统重点学科建设资助(PWZxk2017-28)。

摘　　要：目的分析上海市某电子制造企业职工的职业紧张、抑郁情绪和焦虑情绪现状及相关影响因素。方法2022年11月,采用整群抽样方法选择上海市某企业750名职工为研究对象,采用《简明职业紧张问卷》《焦虑自评量表》和《健康问卷抑郁量表》分别调查该企业职工的工作要求-自主性模式(job demand control model,JDC)职业紧张、抑郁情绪和焦虑情绪现状。结果研究对象JDC模式职业紧张、抑郁情绪和焦虑情绪检出率分别为40.8%(306/750),50.1%(376/750)和12.1%(91/750)。是否吸烟、规律运动的职工职业紧张检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);是否高盐饮食、规律运动的职工抑郁情绪检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);是否存在职业紧张的职工抑郁情绪检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别的职工焦虑情绪检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);是否每日摄入蔬菜水果的职工焦虑情绪检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论上海市某电子制造企业职工的职业紧张、抑郁情绪和焦虑情绪情况不容乐观,应重点关注女性、存在吸烟行为、有高盐饮食习惯、无每天吃蔬果习惯、无规律运动习惯的人群,以预防职业紧张与心理健康问题的发生。Objective To analyze the current situation and related influencing factors of occupational stress,depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms of employees in an electronic manufacturing enterprise in Shanghai.Methods In November 2022,a total of750 employees in an enterprise in Shanghai were selected as the research subjects using the cluster sampling method.The simple occupational stress questionnaire,patient health questionnaire-9 and self-rating anxiety scale were used to investigate the occupational stress in the job demand control model(JDC),depression and anxiety symptoms of the employees.Results The detection rates of JDC occupational stress,depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were 40.8%(306/750),50.1%(376/750)and 12.1%(91/750),respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of occupational stress among employees of different smoking and exercise habits(both P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of depression symptoms among employees of different high salt diet and exercise habits(both P<0.01).There was statistically significant difference in the detection rate of depression symptoms between employees existing occupational stress or not(P<0.05).There was statistically significant difference in the detection rate of anxiety symptoms among employees of different gender(P<0.01).There was statistically significant difference in the detection rate of anxiety symptoms among employees eating vegetables and fruits every day or not(P<0.05).Conclusion The occupational stress,depression and anxiety symptoms of employees in an electronic manufacturing enterprise in Shanghai are serious,and it is necessary to focus on women,people with smoking behaviors,high salt diet habits,no eating vegetables and fruits habits and no physical exercise habits to prevent occupational stress and mental health problems.

关 键 词：电子制造企业 职业紧张 抑郁情绪 焦虑情绪 影响因素 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]